F. Fenollar, M. Trani, B. Davoust, B. Salle, M. Birg et al., Carriage among Humans and Nonhuman Primates, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.197, issue.6, pp.880-887, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/528693

F. Fenollar, O. Mediannikov, C. Socolovschi, H. Bassene, G. Diatta et al., Bacteremia during Fever in Rural West Africa, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.51, issue.5, pp.515-521, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/655677

F. Fenollar, A. Keita, S. Buffet, and D. Raoult, Intrafamilial circulation of Tropheryma whipplei, France. Emerg Infect Dis, vol.18, pp.949-955, 2012.

F. Fenollar, J. Lagier, and D. Raoult, Tropheryma whipplei and Whipple's disease, Journal of Infection, vol.69, issue.2, p.24877762, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.05.008

A. Keita, H. Bassene, A. Tall, C. Sokhna, P. Ratmanov et al., Tropheryma whipplei: A Common Bacterium in Rural Senegal, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.16, issue.12, p.22206023, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001403.s003

A. Keita, P. Brouqui, S. Badiaga, S. Benkouiten, P. Ratmanov et al., Tropheryma whipplei prevalence strongly suggests human transmission in homeless shelters, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.17, issue.1, p.22795221, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.1033

A. Keita, O. Mediannikov, P. Ratmanov, G. Diatta, H. Bassene et al., Looking for Tropheryma whipplei Source and Reservoir in Rural Senegal, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.88, issue.2, pp.339-343, 2013.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0614

D. Raoult, F. Fenollar, J. Rolain, P. Minodier, E. Bosdure et al., in Children with Gastroenteritis, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.5, pp.776-782, 2010.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1605.091801

M. Maiwald, F. Schuhmacher, H. Ditton, and H. , Environmental occurrence of the Whipple's disease bacterium (Tropheryma whippelii), Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.64, pp.760-762, 1998.

D. Raoult, F. Fenollar, and M. Birg, from the Stool of a Patient with Whipple's Disease, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.355, issue.14, pp.1503-1505, 2006.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMc061049

F. Fenollar, J. Trape, H. Bassene, C. Sokhna, and D. Raoult, in Fecal Samples from Children, Senegal, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.15, issue.6, pp.922-924, 2009.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1506.090182

A. Keita, D. Raoult, and F. Fenollar, as a commensal bacterium, Future Microbiology, vol.8, issue.1, pp.57-71, 2013.
DOI : 10.2217/fmb.12.124

S. Bousbia, L. Papazian, J. Auffray, F. Fenollar, C. Martin et al., in Patients with Pneumonia, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.16, issue.2, pp.258-263, 2010.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1602.090610

F. Dutly, H. Hinrikson, T. Seidel, S. Morgenegg, M. Altwegg et al., Tropheryma whippelii DNA in Saliva of Patients Without Whipple's Disease, Infection, vol.28, issue.4, pp.219-222, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s150100070039

F. Fenollar, X. Puechal, and D. Raoult, Whipple's Disease, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.356, issue.1, pp.55-66, 2007.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra062477

F. Fenollar, F. Nicoli, C. Paquet, H. Lepidi, P. Cozzone et al., Progressive dementia associated with ataxia or obesity in patients with Tropheryma whipplei encephalitis, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.65, issue.Suppl 2, p.21676235, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkq263

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00663940

F. Dutly and M. Altwegg, Whipple's Disease and "Tropheryma whippelii", Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.14, issue.3, pp.561-583, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.14.3.561-583.2001

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88990

J. Hur, Y. Na, T. Kim, and S. Yim, The prevalence of Tropheryma whippelii DNA in saliva from healthy controls and patients with spondyloarthropathy, Rheumatology International, vol.46, issue.5, pp.507-508, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00296-006-0231-3

S. Kim, M. Chung, E. Kim, J. Lee, J. Park et al., Detection of Tropheryma whipplei DNA in Joint Fluid of Patients with Arthritis by Polymerase Chain Reaction, Infect Chemother, vol.37, pp.79-83, 2005.

A. Zinkernagel, R. Gmur, L. Fenner, A. Schaffner, G. Schoedon et al., Marginal and Subgingival Plaque - A Natural Habitat of Tropheryma whipplei ?, Infection, vol.31, issue.2, pp.86-91, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s15010-002-3095-9

A. Dubot-peres, C. Y. Tan, R. De-chesse, B. Sibounheuang, M. Vongsouvath et al., SYBR Green Real-Time PCR for the Detection of All Enterovirus-A71 Genogroups, PLoS ONE, vol.84, issue.3, p.24651608, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0089963.s003

F. Fenollar, O. Mediannikov, C. Socolovschi, H. Bassene, G. Diatta et al., Bacteremia during Fever in Rural West Africa, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.51, issue.5, pp.515-521, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/655677

O. Mediannikov, C. Socolovschi, S. Edouard, F. Fenollar, N. Mouffok et al., Infection and Malaria, Africa, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.19, issue.11, pp.1775-1783, 2013.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1911.130361

F. Fenollar, P. Fournier, D. Raoult, R. Gerolami, H. Lepidi et al., Quantitative Detection of Tropheryma whipplei DNA by Real-Time PCR, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.40, issue.3, pp.1119-1120, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.40.3.1119-1120.2002

F. Fenollar, S. Laouira, H. Lepidi, J. Rolain, and D. Raoult, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Diagnosis of Whipple Disease: Usefulness of Saliva and Stool Specimens for First???Line Screening, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.47, issue.5, pp.659-667, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/590559

W. Li, F. Fenollar, J. Rolain, P. Fournier, G. Feurle et al., Genotyping reveals a wide heterogeneity of Tropheryma whipplei, Microbiology, vol.154, issue.2, pp.521-527, 2008.
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.2007/011668-0

M. Ramharter, N. Harrison, T. Buhler, H. B. Lagler, H. Lotsch et al., Makristathis A (2014) Prevalence and Risk Factor Assessment of Tropheryma whipplei in a Rural Community in Gabon: a Community Based Cross-Sectional Study, Clin Microbiol Infect, p.25636944

B. Lascola, F. Fenollar, C. Perreal, and D. Raoult, From a Saliva Sample, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.154, issue.6, pp.443-444, 2011.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-154-6-201103150-00018

J. Lagier, H. Lepidi, D. Raoult, and F. Fenollar, Systemic Tropheryma whipplei, Medicine, vol.89, issue.5, pp.337-345, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181f204a8

URL : http://doi.org/10.1097/md.0b013e3181f204a8

J. Lagier, F. Fenollar, H. Lepidi, and D. Raoult, Evidence of lifetime susceptibility to Tropheryma whipplei in patients with Whipple's disease, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.66, issue.5, pp.1188-1189, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/dkr032

W. Dobbins and . Iii, Whipple's Disease, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol.63, issue.6, p.25032476, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)64892-7

T. Yogi, A. Hokama, F. Kinjo, R. Tomiyama, M. Koide et al., Whipple's Disease: the First Japanese Case Diagnosed by Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction, Internal Medicine, vol.43, issue.7, pp.566-570, 2004.
DOI : 10.2169/internalmedicine.43.566

V. Moos and T. Schneider, The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of classical Whipple???s disease, Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, vol.10, issue.3, pp.253-255, 2012.
DOI : 10.1586/eri.12.4

F. Fenollar, B. Amphoux, and D. Raoult, Western Blot Differentiates Patients with Whipple Disease from Asymptomatic Carriers, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.49, issue.5, pp.717-723, 2009.
DOI : 10.1086/604717

F. Biagi, C. Badulli, G. Feurle, C. Muller, V. Moos et al., Cytokine genetic profile in Whipple???s disease, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.677, issue.11, pp.3145-3150, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10096-012-1677-8

D. Durand, C. Lecomte, P. Cathebras, H. Rousset, and P. Godeau, Whipple Disease: Clinical Review of 52 Cases, Medicine, vol.76, issue.3, pp.170-184, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00005792-199705000-00003

L. Ponz-de, A. Borghi, F. Ferrara, M. Contri, and L. Roncucci, Whipple's disease in a father-son pair, Intern Emerg Med, vol.1, pp.254-256, 2006.

M. Martinetti, F. Biagi, C. Badulli, G. Feurle, C. Muller et al., The HLA Alleles DRB1*13 and DQB1*06 Are Associated to Whipple's Disease, Gastroenterology, vol.136, issue.7, pp.2289-2294, 2009.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.051