A. A. Adegnika and P. G. Kremsner, Epidemiology of malaria and helminth interaction, Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, vol.7, issue.3, pp.221-224, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/COH.0b013e3283524d90

A. Afkhami, Compromised Constitutions: The Iranian Experience with the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol.77, issue.2, p.49, 2003.
DOI : 10.1353/bhm.2003.0049

P. Agrawal, S. Sompura, A. Yadav, and M. Goyal, Symmetrical peripheral gangrene and scrotal gangrene in a falciparum malaria case, J. Indian Acad. Clin. Med, vol.15, pp.53-55, 2014.

W. Aiton, Dissertations on Malaria, Contagion and Cholera, 1832.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139814591

A. Alemu, Y. Shiferaw, Z. Addis, B. Mathewos, and W. Birhan, Effect of malaria on HIV/AIDS transmission and progression, Parasites & Vectors, vol.6, issue.1, pp.18-28, 2013.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00893.x

S. Alizon, J. C. De-roode, and Y. Michalakis, Multiple infections and the evolution of virulence, Ecology Letters, vol.2, issue.4, pp.556-567, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/ele.12076

B. B. Andrade, C. J. Santos, L. M. Camargo, S. M. Souza-neto, A. Reis-filho et al., Hepatitis B Infection Is Associated with Asymptomatic Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon, PLoS ONE, vol.26, issue.5, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0019841.t002

. Anonymous, The balance between malaria and the venereal diseases, pp.140-673604316, 1929.

R. Antia, A. Yates, and J. De-roode, The dynamics of acute malaria infections. I. Effect of the parasite's red blood cell preference, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.108, issue.2, pp.1149-11560198, 2008.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4064

J. Arrizabalaga, History of disease and the longue durée, Hist. Philos. Life Sci, vol.27, pp.41-56, 2005.

M. Z. Assir, M. A. Masood, A. , and H. I. , Concurrent dengue and malaria infection in Lahore, Pakistan during the 2012 dengue outbreak, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.18, pp.41-46, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.09.007

J. K. Baird, Evidence and Implications of Mortality Associated with Acute Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.26, issue.1, pp.36-57, 2013.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.00074-12

O. Balmer and M. Tanner, Prevalence and implications of multiple-strain infections, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.11, issue.11, pp.868-878, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70241-9

N. H. Barton and P. D. Keightley, MULTIFACTORIAL GENETICSUNDERSTANDING QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIATION, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.3, issue.1, pp.11-21, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nrg700

A. Berg, S. Patel, P. Aukrust, C. David, M. Gonca et al., Increased Severity and Mortality in Adults Co-Infected with Malaria and HIV in Maputo, Mozambique: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study, PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.2, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0088257.t003

J. A. Berkley, P. Bejon, T. Mwangi, S. Gwer, K. Maitland et al., HIV Infection, Malnutrition, and Invasive Bacterial Infection among Children with Severe Malaria, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.49, issue.3, pp.336-343, 1086.
DOI : 10.1086/600299

G. S. Berutti, C. G. Sachero, C. , and G. L. , Manuele Pratico per la Conoscenza e Cura del Cholera-Morbus, 1835.

S. K. Bhattacharya, D. Sur, S. Dutta, S. Kanungo, R. L. Ochiai et al., Vivax malaria and bacteraemia: a prospective study in Kolkata, India, Malaria Journal, vol.12, issue.1, pp.176-186, 2013.
DOI : 10.1186/1475-2875-10-297

F. Bidlot, Études sur les Diverses Espèces de Phthisie Pulmonaire et sur le Traitement Applicable à Chacune d'elles, 1868.

M. H. Bonds, D. C. Keenan, P. Rohani, and J. D. Sachs, Poverty trap formed by the ecology of infectious diseases, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.89, issue.6, pp.1185-11921778, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/0035-9203(95)90431-X

J. C. Boudin, Essai de Géographie Médicale, 1843.

K. A. Brogden, J. M. Guthmiller, T. , and C. E. , Human polymicrobial infections, The Lancet, vol.365, issue.9455, pp.253-255, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70155-0

N. S. Butler, T. H. Harris, and I. J. Blader, Regulation of immunopathogenesis during Plasmodium and Toxoplasma infections: more parallels than distinctions?, Trends in Parasitology, vol.29, issue.12, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pt.2013.10.002

M. D. Cappellini and G. Fiorelli, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, The Lancet, vol.371, issue.9606, pp.64-74, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60073-2

R. Carter and K. Mendis, Evolutionary and Historical Aspects of the Burden of Malaria, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.15, issue.4, pp.564-594, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.15.4.564-594.2002

P. K. Chattopadhyay, K. Chelimo, P. B. Embury, D. H. Mulama, P. O. Sumba et al., Holoendemic Malaria Exposure Is Associated with Altered Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Differentiation, Journal of Virology, vol.87, issue.3, pp.1779-1788, 1128.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02158-12

J. Y. Chau, C. M. Tiffany, S. Nimishakavi, J. A. Lawrence, N. Pakpour et al., Malaria-Associated L-Arginine Deficiency Induces Mast Cell-Associated Disruption to Intestinal Barrier Defenses against Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremia, Infection and Immunity, vol.81, issue.10, pp.3515-3526, 1128.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.00380-13

D. Chege, S. J. Higgins, C. R. Mcdonald, K. Shahabi, S. Huibner et al., Murine Plasmodium chabaudi Malaria Increases Mucosal Immune Activation and the Expression of Putative HIV Susceptibility Markers in the Gut and Genital Mucosae, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.65, issue.5, pp.517-525, 1097.
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000056

A. Chêne, S. Nylén, D. Donati, M. T. Bejarano, F. Kironde et al., Effect of Acute Plasmodium falciparum Malaria on Reactivation and Shedding of the Eight Human Herpes Viruses, PLoS ONE, vol.31, issue.Pt 6, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0026266.s002

F. Chicoyneau and J. Sénac, Traité des Causes, des Accidens, 1744.

K. L. Conant, A. Marinelli, and J. A. Kaleeba, Dangerous liaisons: molecular basis for a syndemic relationship between Kaposi's sarcoma and P. falciparum malaria, Front. Microbiol, 2013.

F. E. Cox, Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses, Parasitology, vol.21, issue.S1, pp.23-38, 2001.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.2.4673.238

A. J. Cunnington, Malaria and Susceptibility to Other Infections, 2012.

A. J. Cunnington, R. , and E. M. , Suppression of vaccine responses by malaria: insignificant or overlooked?, Expert Review of Vaccines, vol.9, issue.4, pp.409-429, 2010.
DOI : 10.1586/erv.10.16

A. J. Cunnington, R. , and E. M. , HIV and malaria co-infection A Practical Study of Malaria Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens, Immunity to Parasitic Infection, pp.335-352, 1909.

D. Portillo, H. A. Ferrer, M. Brugat, T. Martin-jaular, L. Langhorne et al., The role of the spleen in malaria, Cellular Microbiology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.343-35573, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01741.x

M. J. Dobson, Contours of Death and Disease in Early Modern England, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511581847

D. L. Doolan, C. Dobano, and J. K. Baird, Acquired Immunity to Malaria, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.22, issue.1, pp.13-36, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.00025-08

J. Dubreuil and A. Rech, Rapport sur le Choléra-Morbus Asiatique qui a Régné dans le midi de la France en 1835, 1836.

A. El-radhi, current practice, World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, vol.1, issue.4, pp.29-33, 2012.
DOI : 10.5409/wjcp.v1.i4.29

K. J. Fairlie-clarke, T. J. Lamb, J. Langhorne, A. L. Graham, A. et al., Antibody isotype analysis of malaria-nematode co-infection: problems and solutions associated with cross-reactivity, BMC Immunology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.6-10, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2172-11-6

W. Farr, Influence of Elevation on the Fatality of Cholera, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, vol.15, issue.2, pp.155-183, 1852.
DOI : 10.2307/2338305

E. Faure, Paludisme et froids extrêmes, Canicules et froids extrêmes. L'évènement climatique et ses représentations, pp.381-395, 2012.

E. Faure, Quelques problèmes liés à l'étude du paludisme historique, Histoire et Nature (2). Les Crises Sanitaires en Méditerranée Antique et Médiévale (Nouvelles Approches), ed F. Clément (Nantes: CRHIA-CESCM), 2014.

C. Flateau, L. Loup, G. Pialoux, and G. , Consequences of HIV infection on malaria and therapeutic implications: a systematic review, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.11, issue.7, pp.541-556, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70031-7

M. Fourcault, Géologie et hydrographie médicales, Gaz. Méd. Paris, vol.20, pp.375-377, 1850.

G. L. Freimanis, S. Owusu-ofori, and J. P. And-allain, Hepatitis B Virus Infection Does Not Significantly Influence Plasmodium Parasite Density in Asymptomatic Infections in Ghanaian Transfusion Recipients, PLoS ONE, vol.135, issue.11, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0049967.t002

A. E. Frosch, J. , and C. C. , malaria: experiments in nature and their conflicting implications for potential therapeutic agents, Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, vol.10, issue.11, pp.1343-1356, 2012.
DOI : 10.1586/eri.12.118

J. Gardane, Gazette de Santé, Contenant les Nouvelles Découvertes sur les Moyens de se Bien Porter & de, Guérir Quand on est Malade, vol.4, 1777.

G. Giglioli, Changes in the pattern of mortality following the eradication of hyperendemic malaria from a highly susceptible community, Bull. World Health Organ, vol.46, pp.181-202, 1972.

R. M. Gonçalves, N. F. Lima, and M. U. Ferreira, Parasite virulence, co-infections and cytokine balance in malaria, Pathogens and Global Health, vol.10, issue.1, pp.173-178, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0035406

J. Gonzalez, M. Guiserix, F. Sauvage, J. Guitton, P. Vidal et al., Pathocenosis: A Holistic Approach to Disease Ecology, EcoHealth, vol.345, issue.12 Suppl, pp.237-241, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10393-010-0326-x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00697892

A. L. Graham, I. M. Cattadori, J. O. Lloyd-smith, M. J. Ferrari, and O. N. Bjørnstad, Transmission consequences of coinfection: cytokines writ large? Trends Parasitol, pp.284-291, 2007.

M. H. Green and C. W. Vermeulen, Fever and the control of gram-negative bacteria, Research in Microbiology, vol.145, issue.4, pp.269-272, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0923-2508(94)90182-1

E. C. Griffiths, A. B. Pedersen, A. Fenton, and O. L. Petchey, The nature and consequences of coinfection in humans, Journal of Infection, vol.63, issue.3, pp.200-206, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.06.005

E. C. Griffiths, A. B. Pedersen, A. Fenton, and O. L. Petchey, Analysis of a summary network of co-infection in humans reveals that parasites interact most via shared resources, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.135, issue.7, 2014.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182008000383

B. Grinde, Herpesviruses: latency and reactivation ??? viral strategies and host response, Journal of Oral Microbiology, vol.3, issue.1, 2013.
DOI : 10.4161/hv.23289

M. D. Grmek, Pr??liminaires d'une ??tude historique des maladies, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, vol.24, issue.6, pp.1437-1483, 1969.
DOI : 10.3406/ahess.1969.422182

M. D. Grmek, Diseases in the Ancient Greek World, 1991.

J. Guyon, Rapport à Monsieur de Pusy, Préfet du Vaucluse sur un Voyage à Arles en Provence: à L'effet de Constater la Nature de la Maladie de Celle Ville en Oct, 1832.

J. Guyon, Histoire Chronologique des Épidémies du Nord de l'Afrique: Depuis les Temps les Plus Reculés Jusqu'à nos Jours, 1855.

A. Haque, N. Rachinel, M. R. Quddus, S. Haque, L. H. Kasper et al., Co-infection of malaria and gamma-herpesvirus: exacerbated lung inflammation or cross-protection depends on the stage of viral infection, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol.80, issue.3, pp.396-404, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01681.x

Z. Hawass, Y. Z. Gad, S. Ismail, R. Khairat, D. Fathalla et al., Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family, JAMA, vol.303, issue.7, pp.638-647, 2010.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2010.121

M. Hawkes, Host-Pathogen Interactions in Malaria and Tuberculosis: Experimental Models and Translation to Novel Adjunctive Therapies, 2012.

M. Hawkes, X. Li, M. Crockett, A. Diassiti, W. C. Liles et al., Malaria exacerbates experimental mycobacterial infection in vitro and in vivo, Microbes and Infection, vol.12, issue.11, pp.864-874, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.05.013

D. T. Haydon, L. Matthews, R. Timms, C. , and N. , Topndash;down or bottom-up regulation of intra-host blood-stage malaria: do malaria parasites most resemble the dynamics of prey or predator?, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.270, issue.1512, pp.289-298, 2002.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2002.2203

C. V. Hobbs, T. Q. Tanaka, O. Muratova, J. Van-vliet, W. Borkowsky et al., HIV Treatments Have Malaria Gametocyte Killing and Transmission Blocking Activity, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.208, issue.1, pp.139-14894, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/jit132

J. C. Igweh, Biology of malaria parasites, Malaria Parasites, pp.17-36, 2012.

J. A. Jackson, M. Begon, R. Birtles, S. Paterson, I. M. Friberg et al., The analysis of immunological profiles in wild animals: a case study on immunodynamics in the field vole, Microtus agrestis, Molecular Ecology, vol.16, issue.5, pp.893-909, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04907.x

T. Javeed, G. Mustafa, I. Khan, and M. K. Khan, Secondary defense antioxidant status of vitamin C, vitamin E and GSH in malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, vol.24, pp.103-107, 2011.

W. H. Jones, Malaria, a Neglected Factor in the History of Greece and Rome, 1907.

K. Källander, H. Hildenwall, P. Waiswa, E. Galiwango, S. Peterson et al., Delayed care seeking for fatal pneumonia in children aged under five years in Uganda: a cse-series study, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol.86, issue.5, pp.332-338, 2008.
DOI : 10.2471/BLT.07.049353

B. F. Kochin, A. J. Yates, J. C. De-roode, and R. Antia, On the control of acute rodentmalaria infections by innate immunity, PLoS ONE, vol.5, 2010.

A. Lalremruata, M. Ball, R. Bianucci, B. Welte, A. G. Nerlich et al., Molecular Identification of Falciparum Malaria and Human Tuberculosis Co-Infections in Mummies from the Fayum Depression (Lower Egypt), PLoS ONE, vol.3, issue.12, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0060307.t002

P. M. Lantos and G. P. Wormser, Chronic Coinfections in Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.127, issue.11, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.036

M. Lemaitre, L. Watier, V. Briand, A. Garcia, J. Le-hesran et al., Coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium: Additional Evidence of the Protective Effect of Schistosomiasis on Malaria in Senegalese Children, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol.90, issue.2, pp.329-334, 2014.
DOI : 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0431

F. M. Leoratti, S. C. Trevelin, F. Q. Cunha, B. C. Rocha, P. A. Costa et al., Neutrophil Paralysis in Plasmodium vivax Malaria, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol.49, issue.6, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001710.g006

X. X. Li and X. N. Zhou, Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review, Parasites & Vectors, vol.6, issue.1, pp.79-89, 2013.
DOI : 10.4103/0970-0218.66869

J. D. Maguire and J. K. Baird, Overview of Non-Falciparum Malaria. UpToDate version 17.3. Available online at, 2014.

S. Manguin, M. J. Bangs, J. Pothikasikorn, C. , and T. , Review on global co-transmission of human Plasmodium species and Wuchereria bancrofti by Anopheles mosquitoes, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.10, issue.2, pp.159-177, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.11.014

E. Marchiafava and A. Bignami, On Summer-Autumn Malarial Fevers, 1894.

P. J. Mayhew, Discovering Evolutionary Ecology: Bringing Together Ecology and Evolution, 2006.

W. H. Mcneill, Plagues and People, Health Care Management Review, vol.2, issue.2, 1979.
DOI : 10.1097/00004010-197700220-00022

H. J. Mcsorley and R. M. Maizels, Helminth Infections and Host Immune Regulation, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol.25, issue.4, pp.585-608, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/CMR.05040-11

S. Mehndiratta, K. Rajeshwari, and A. P. Dubey, Multiple-organ dysfunction in a case of Plasmodium vivax malaria, J. Vector Borne Dis, vol.50, pp.71-73, 2013.

N. Mideo, Parasite adaptations to within-host competition, Trends in Parasitology, vol.25, issue.6, pp.261-268, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pt.2009.03.001

V. A. Mobegi, K. M. Loua, A. D. Ahouidi, J. Satoguina, D. C. Nwakanma et al., Population genetic structure of Plasmodium falciparum across a region of diverse endemicity in West Africa, Malaria Journal, vol.11, issue.1, pp.223-233, 2012.
DOI : 10.1017/S0031182000080665

R. Morton, Pyretologia, 1692.

A. K. Mueller, J. Behrends, K. Hagens, J. Mahlo, U. E. Schaible et al., Natural Transmission of Plasmodium berghei Exacerbates Chronic Tuberculosis in an Experimental Co-Infection Model, PLoS ONE, vol.61, issue.10, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0048110.s001

D. H. Mulama, J. A. Bailey, J. Foley, K. Chelimo, C. Ouma et al., Sickle cell trait is not associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma: An ethnicity and malaria endemicity-matched case-control study suggests factors controlling EBV may serve as a predictive biomarker for this pediatric cancer, International Journal of Cancer, vol.7, issue.Suppl 3, pp.645-653, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/ijc.28378

C. J. Murray, L. C. Rosenfeld, S. S. Lim, K. G. Andrews, K. J. Foreman et al., Global malaria mortality between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis, The Lancet, vol.379, issue.9814, pp.413-431, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60034-8

M. Nacher, Interactions between worms and malaria: Good worms or bad worms?, Malaria Journal, vol.10, issue.1, p.259, 2011.
DOI : 10.1086/426871
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00632065

K. Naha, S. Dasari, and M. Prabhu, Spectrum of complications associated with Plasmodium vivax infection in a tertiary hospital in South- Western India. Asian Pac, J. Trop. Med, vol.5, issue.11, pp.79-82, 2012.

J. A. Nájera, R. L. Kouznetsov, C. J. Delacollette, B. Cundill, S. Clarke et al., Malaria Epidemics, Detection and Control, Forecasting and Prevention. Geneva: Division of Control of Tropical Diseases, WHO Available online at: whqlibdoc. who.int/hq Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of three regimens for prevention of malaria: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Ugandan schoolchildren, PLoS ONE, vol.5, 1998.

K. C. Nayak, S. L. Meena, B. K. Gupta, S. Kumar, and V. Pareek, Cardiovascular involvement in severe vivax and falciparum malaria, J. Vector Borne Dis, vol.50, pp.285-291, 2013.

M. Olivier, K. Van-den-ham, M. T. Shio, F. A. Kassa, and S. Fougeray, Malarial Pigment Hemozoin and the Innate Inflammatory Response, Frontiers in Immunology, vol.5, 2014.
DOI : 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00025

J. Parkin, Epidemiology; or, The Remote Cause of Epidemic Diseases in the Animal and in the Vegetable Creation, 1873.

G. P. Patrinos, B. Giardine, C. Riemer, W. Miller, D. H. Chui et al., Improvements in the HbVar database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations for population and sequence variation studies, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.32, issue.90001, pp.537-541, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkh006

C. Pinello, Attempted Ancient DNA Detection of Plasmodium vivax in Medieval and Post-Medieval Britain, 2008.

L. C. Pollitt, N. Mideo, D. R. Drew, P. Schneider, N. Colegrave et al., Competition and the Evolution of Reproductive Restraint in Malaria Parasites, The American Naturalist, vol.177, issue.3, pp.358-367, 1086.
DOI : 10.1086/658175

E. M. Poolman and A. P. Galvani, Evaluating candidate agents of selective pressure for cystic fibrosis, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.4, issue.12, pp.91-980154, 2006.
DOI : 10.1098/rsif.2006.0154

P. Pradhan, Co-infection of typhoid and malaria, J. Med. Lab. Diagn, vol.2, pp.22-26, 2011.

V. Pradhan and K. Ghosh, Immunological disturbances associated with malarial infection, Journal of Parasitic Diseases, vol.110, issue.1, pp.11-15, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s12639-012-0174-4

R. Prus, Rapport à L'Académie Royale de Médecine sur la Peste et les Quarantaines Fait au Nom d'une Commision, 1846.

A. F. Read, T. , and L. H. , The Ecology of Genetically Diverse Infections, Science, vol.292, issue.5519, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1059410

T. Rigaud, M. Perrot-minnot, and M. J. Brown, Parasite and host assemblages: embracing the reality will improve our knowledge of parasite transmission and virulence, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.292, issue.5519, pp.3693-3702, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1059026
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00535603

R. N. Rodrigues-da-silva, J. C. Lima-junior, B. P. Fonseca, P. R. Antas, A. Baldez et al., Alterations in cytokines and haematological parameters during the acute and convalescent phases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections, Mem??rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, vol.109, issue.2, pp.154-162, 1590.
DOI : 10.1590/0074-0276140275

E. Roucaute, G. Pichard, E. Faure, and M. Royer-carenzi, Analysis of the causes of spawning of large-scale, severe malarial epidemics and their rapid total extinction in western Provence, historically a highly endemic region of France (1745???1850), Malaria Journal, vol.13, issue.1, pp.72-82, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/ng.2373
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01105188

P. F. Russell, L. S. West, R. D. Manwell, and G. Macdonnald, Practical Malariology, 1963.

R. Sallares, Malaria and Rome: A History of Malaria in Ancient Italy, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199248506.001.0001

R. Sallares, Pathocoenoses ancient and modern, Hist. Phil. Life Sci, vol.27, pp.221-240, 2005.

R. Sallares, Ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of plague, " in Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541?750, pp.231-289, 2006.

R. Sallares, A. Bouwman, and C. Anderung, The Spread of Malaria to Southern Europe in Antiquity: New Approaches to Old Problems, Medical History, vol.48, issue.03, pp.311-328, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0025727300007651

R. Sallares and S. Gomzi, Biomolecular archaeology of malaria, Ancient Biomol, vol.3, pp.195-213, 2001.

J. Sandlund, P. Naucler, S. Dashti, A. Shokri, S. Eriksson et al., Bacterial Coinfections in Travelers with Malaria: Rationale for Antibiotic Therapy, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.51, issue.1, pp.15-21, 1128.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.02149-12

J. A. Scott, J. A. Berkley, I. Mwangi, L. Ochola, S. Uyoga et al., Relation between falciparum malaria and bacteraemia in Kenyan children: a population-based, case-control study and a longitudinal study, The Lancet, vol.378, issue.9799, pp.1316-1323, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60888-X

G. D. Shanks, S. I. Hay, and D. J. Bradley, Malaria's indirect contribution to all-cause mortality in the Andaman Islands during the colonial era, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.9, pp.564-470, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70130-0

G. D. Shanks and N. J. White, The activation of vivax malaria hypnozoites by infectious diseases, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.13, issue.10, pp.900-906, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70095-1

C. L. Silva and D. B. Lowrie, A single mycobacterial protein (HSP65) expressed by a transgenic antigen-presenting cell vaccinates mice against tuberculosis, Immunology, vol.82, pp.244-248, 1994.

W. M. Simpson, Artificial Fever Therapy of Syphilis and Gonococcic Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections, vol.12, issue.3, p.1290, 1936.
DOI : 10.1136/sti.12.3.133

H. Singh, A. Parakh, S. Basu, R. , and B. , Plasmodium vivax malaria: Is it actually benign?, Journal of Infection and Public Health, vol.4, issue.2, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jiph.2011.03.002

D. C. Smith, The Rise and Fall of Typhomalarial Fever: II. Decline and Fall, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, vol.XXXVII, issue.3, pp.182-220, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/jhmas/XXXVII.3.287

G. Snounou and J. And-pérignon, Malariotherapy ??? Insanity at the Service of Malariology, Adv. Parasitol, vol.81, pp.223-255, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-407826-0.00006-0

L. H. Taylor, S. M. Latham, and M. E. Woolhouse, Risk factors for human disease emergence, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.356, issue.1411, pp.983-9890888, 2001.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.2001.0888

M. Troye-blomberg and K. Berzins, Immune interactions in malaria co-infections with other endemic infectious diseases: implications for the development of improved disease interventions Malaria and HIV interactions anno 2014, Microbes Infect. J. P. Clin. Microbiol. Infect, vol.10, issue.20, pp.948-952, 2008.

R. Vanoye, Résumé des principaux travaux sur le choléra épidémique de 1853?1854, Annales médicales de la Flandre Occidentale, pp.553-570, 1854.

S. Van-santen, Q. De-mast, D. W. Swinkels, and A. J. Van-der-ven, The iron link between malaria and invasive non-typhoid Salmonella infections, Trends in Parasitology, vol.29, issue.5, pp.220-227, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pt.2013.03.006

K. A. Wade, S. A. Beye, and B. Diatta, Paludisme grave et fièvre jaune, association souvent méconnue. Illustration à propos de deux observations, Med. Afr. Noire, vol.57, pp.577-581, 2010.

H. Watier, C. Auriault, A. Capron, M. R. Welford, and B. H. Bossak, Does Epstein-Barr virus infection confer selective advantage to malaria-infected children? Lancet 341 Validation of inverse seasonal peak mortality in medieval plagues, including the Black Death, in comparison to modern Yersinia pestis-variant diseases, PLoS ONE, vol.93, issue.4, pp.612-613, 1993.

M. Wilson, Bacteriology of Humans: An Ecological Perspective, 2009.

V. Wiwanitkit, Malaria Research in Southeast Asia, 2007.

K. P. Yong, B. H. Tan, and C. Y. Low, Severe falciparum malaria with dengue coinfection complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury: an unusual case with myoglobinemia, myoglobinuria but normal serum creatine kinase, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.52, issue.5, pp.364-374, 2012.
DOI : 10.1590/S0037-86822010000500007