Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Incidence, Asymptomatic Parasite Carriage and Anopheles Density in Two Villages in Mali

Mahamadou S Sissoko (1, 2, 3) , L van den Hoogen (4, 5) , Yacouba Samake (4) , Amadou Tapily (4) , Adama Z. Diarra (4) , Maimouna Coulibaly (6) , Madama Bouare (4) , Jean Gaudart (1, 2) , Philip Knight (7) , Robert Sauerwein (5) , Willem Takken (4, 5) , Teun Bousema (4, 5) , Ogobara K Doumbo (3)

1 AMU - Aix Marseille Université
2 SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD - Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
3 MRTC - Malaria Research and Training Center
4 Département d'Epidémiologie des Affections parasitaires, Malaria Research and training center Université de Bamako, Mali
5 Medical Microbiology
6 Great Mali
7 Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Univ Strathclyde]

Heterogeneity in malaria exposure is most readily recognized in areas with low-transmission patterns. By comparison, little research has been done on spatial patterns in malaria exposure in high-endemic settings. We determined the spatial clustering of clinical malaria incidence, asymptomatic parasite carriage, and Anopheles density in two villages in Mali exposed to low-and mesoendemic-malaria transmission. In the two study areas that were < 1 km 2 in size, we observed evidence for spatial clustering of Anopheles densities or malaria parasite carriage during the dry season. Anopheles density and malaria prevalence appeared associated in some of our detected hotspots. However, many households with high parasite prevalence or high Anopheles densities were located outside the identified hotspots. Our findings indicate that within small villages exposed to low-or mesoendemic-malaria transmission, spatial patterns in mosquito densities and parasite carriage are best detected in the dry season. Considering the high prevalence of parasite carriage outside detected hotspots, the suitability of the area for targeting control efforts to households or areas of more intense malaria transmission may be limited.

Domaines: Systèmes dynamiques [math.DS]; Probabilités [math.PR]; Santé publique et épidémiologie; Applications [stat.AP]; Méthodologie [stat.ME]; Statistiques [math.ST]; Environnement et Société; Santé; Maladies infectieuses; Maladies émergentes; Parasitologie

Mahamadou S Sissoko, L van den Hoogen, Yacouba Samake, Amadou Tapily, Adama Z. Diarra, et al.. Spatial Patterns of Plasmodium falciparum Clinical Incidence, Asymptomatic Parasite Carriage and Anopheles Density in Two Villages in Mali. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2015, ⟨10.4269/ajtmh.14-0765⟩. ⟨hal-01307140⟩