Dermatophytosis among Schoolchildren in Three Eco-climatic Zones of Mali

Oumar Coulibaly (1, 2, 3, 4) , Abdoulaye Koné (1, 4) , Safiatou Niaré-Doumbo (1, 4) , Siaka Goïta (1, 4) , Jean Gaudart (5, 3) , Abdoulaye A Djimdé (1, 4) , Renaud Piarroux (2, 3) , Ogobara Doumbo (1, 5, 3, 4) , Mahamadou Ali Thera (1, 4) , Stéphane Ranque (6, 2)

1 Département d'Epidémiologie des Affections parasitaires, Malaria Research and training center Université de Bamako, Mali
2 IP-TPT - Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques
3 AMU - Aix Marseille Université
4 Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Odontostomatology
5 SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD - Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
6 URMITE - Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes

BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis, and particularly the subtype tinea capitis, is common among African children; however, the risk factors associated with this condition are poorly understood. To describe the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in distinct eco-climatic zones, three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in public primary schools located in the Sahelian, Sudanian and Sudano-Guinean eco-climatic zones in Mali. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Among 590 children (average age 9.7 years) the overall clinical prevalence of tinea capitis was 39.3%. Tinea capitis prevalence was 59.5% in the Sudano-Guinean zone, 41.6% in the Sudanian zone and 17% in the Sahelian eco-climatic zone. Microsporum audouinii was isolated primarily from large and/or microsporic lesions. Trichophyton soudanense was primarily isolated from trichophytic lesions. Based on the multivariate analysis, tinea capitis was independently associated with male gender (OR = 2.51, 95%CI [1.74-3.61], P<10-4) and residing in the Sudano-Guinean eco-climatic zone (OR = 7.45, 95%CI [4.63-11.99], P<10-4). Two anthropophilic dermatophytes species, Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum audouinii, were the most frequent species associated with tinea capitis among primary schoolchildren in Mali. CONCLUSIONS: Tinea capitis risk increased with increasing climate humidity in this relatively homogenous schoolchild population in Mali, which suggests a significant role of climatic factors in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis.

Domaines: Systèmes dynamiques [math.DS]; Probabilités [math.PR]; Santé publique et épidémiologie; Applications [stat.AP]; Méthodologie [stat.ME]; Statistiques [math.ST]; Environnement et Société; Santé; Maladies infectieuses; Maladies émergentes; Parasitologie

Oumar Coulibaly, Abdoulaye Koné, Safiatou Niaré-Doumbo, Siaka Goïta, Jean Gaudart, et al.. Dermatophytosis among Schoolchildren in Three Eco-climatic Zones of Mali. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2016, ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0004675⟩. ⟨hal-01310335⟩