H. Andershed, M. Kerr, H. Stattin, and M. Levander, Psychopathic traits in non-referred youths: A new assessment tool The Hague, Psychopaths: Current international perspective, pp.131-158, 2002.

G. Andres, A. William, J. Turner, and R. , Early and mid-adolescence risk factors for latter subsatnce abuse by African Americans and European Americans, Public Health Report, vol.117, pp.15-29, 2002.

E. M. Andresen, J. A. Malmgren, W. B. Carter, and D. L. Patrick, Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol.10, pp.77-84, 1994.

G. C. Armsden and M. T. Greenberg, The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol.50, issue.10, pp.427-453, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02202939

L. Arsenault, M. Cannon, R. Poulton, R. Murray, A. Caspi et al., Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study, BMJ, vol.325, issue.7374, pp.1212-1213, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1212

J. W. Berry, Social and cultural change Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, pp.211-279, 1980.

J. W. Berry, Immigration, acculturation and adaptation (Lead article) Applied Psychology: An International Review, pp.5-68, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1464-0597.1997.tb01087.x

J. W. Berry, Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, vol.29, issue.6, pp.697-712, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013

J. W. Berry, Conceptual approaches to understanding acculturation, Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement, and applied research, pp.17-38, 2003.
DOI : 10.1037/10472-004

J. W. Berry, U. Kim, T. Minde, and D. Mok, Comparative Studies of Acculturative Stress, International Migration Review, vol.21, issue.3, pp.491-511, 1987.
DOI : 10.2307/2546607

J. W. Berry, U. Kim, S. Power, M. Young, and M. Bujaki, Acculturation Attitudes in Plural Societies, Applied Psychology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.185-206, 1989.
DOI : 10.1086/217001

J. W. Berry, J. S. Phinney, D. L. Sam, and P. Vedder, Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation across national contexts, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x

URL : http://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2012/6943/pdf/Berry_Phinney_Sam_Vedder_Immigrant_youth.pdf

J. W. Berry and D. L. Sam, Acculturation and adaptation Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, Social behaviour and applications, vol.3, pp.291-326, 1997.

J. F. Briefer, Int??gration sociale et psychopathologie chez les usagers de drogues, Psychotropes, vol.8, issue.1, pp.23-41, 2000.
DOI : 10.3917/psyt.081.0023

URL : http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=PSYT_081_0023

R. Bourhis, L. C. Moïse, S. Perreaut, and S. Sénécal, Towards an Interactive Acculturation Model: A Social Psychological Approach, International Journal of Psychology, vol.25, issue.6, pp.369-386, 1997.
DOI : 10.2466/pr0.1973.33.3.891

C. Brindis, A. L. Wolfe, V. Mccarter, S. Ball, and S. Starbuck-morales, The associations between immigrant status and risk-behavior patterns in Latino adolescents, Journal of Adolescent Health, vol.17, issue.2, pp.99-105, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/1054-139X(94)00101-J

J. D. Buckner, N. B. Schmidt, A. R. Lang, J. W. Small, R. C. Schlauch et al., Specificity of social anxiety disorder as a risk factor for alcohol and cannabis dependence, Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol.42, issue.3, pp.230-239, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.01.002

R. Buriel, R. Mercado, J. Rodriguez, and J. M. Chavez, Mexican-American Disciplinary Practices and Attitudes Toward Child Maltreatment: A Comparison of Foreign-and Native-Born Mothers, Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, vol.46, issue.1, pp.78-94, 1991.
DOI : 10.1177/07399863910131006

H. Chabrol, E. Ducongé, C. Roura, and C. Casas, Relations entre les symptomatologies anxieuse, d??pressive et limite et la consommation et la d??pendance au cannabis chez l???adolescent et le jeune adulte, L'Enc??phale, vol.30, issue.2, pp.141-146, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0013-7006(04)95424-3

H. Chabrol, A. Rey, D. Cassan, M. Julliot, E. Carlin et al., Abstract, Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, vol.19, issue.02, pp.46-51, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.181.4104.1067

H. Chabrol, R. Rodgers, and E. Ducongé, Relations between dissociative experiences, borderline personality disorder symptoms and cannabis use in adolescents and young adults, Addiction Research & Theory, vol.148, issue.5, pp.427-437, 2005.
DOI : 10.1207/S15327752JPA730104

K. Chen, D. B. Kandel, and M. Davies, Relationships between frequency and quantity of marijuana use and last year proxy dependence among adolescents and adults in the United States1Work on this manuscript was partially supported by research grant DA09110 (Denise Kandel, principal investigator) and a research scientist award (DA00081) to Denise Kandel from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Partial support for computer costs was provided by Mental Health Clinical Research Center Grant MH30906 from NIMH to the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Selected results were presented at the `Symposium on Marijuana Use: Basic Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Natural History, and Clinical Issues' at the annual meeting of the Committee for Problems of Drug Dependence, Puerto Rico, June 24, 1996.1, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol.46, issue.1-2, pp.53-67, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00047-1

M. Choquet, S. Ledoux, C. Hassler, F. Beck, and P. Peretti-watel, Consommations de substances psychoactives chez les 14?18 ans scolarisés : premiers résultats de l'enquête de l'ESPAD 1999, pp.1-4, 2000.

M. A. Corneille and F. Z. Belgrave, Ethnic Identity, Neighborhood Risk, and Adolescent Drug and Sex Attitudes and Refusal Efficacy: The Urban African American Girls' Experience, Journal of Drug Education, vol.12, issue.2, pp.177-190, 2007.
DOI : 10.2190/UJ17-34J7-U306-2822

C. Currie, C. Roberts, A. Morgan, R. Smith, W. Settertobulte et al., Young people health in context, HBSC) Study : International Report from the, 2001.

J. A. Epstein, G. J. Botvin, and T. Diaz, LINGUISTIC ACCULTURATION ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER MARIJUANA AND POLYDRUG USE AMONG HISPANIC ADOLESCENTS, Substance Use & Misuse, vol.19, issue.4, pp.477-499, 2001.
DOI : 10.1300/J023v06n01_03

L. Degenhardt, W. Hall, and M. Lynskey, Alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use among Australians: a comparison of their associations with other drug use and use disorders, affective and anxiety disorders, and psychosis, Addiction, vol.96, issue.11, pp.1603-1614, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961116037.x

G. Devereux, Ethnopsychanalyse complémentariste, 1985.

J. A. Farver, B. R. Badha, and S. K. Narang, Acculturation and Psychological Functioning in Asian Indian Adolescents, Social Development, vol.31, issue.1, pp.11-29, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0147-1767(81)90049-3

D. M. Fergusson and L. J. Horwood, Cannabis use and dependence in a New Zealand birth cohort, New Zealand Medical Journal, vol.113, pp.156-158, 2000.

D. M. Fergusson, L. J. Horwood, and N. Swain-campbell, Cannabis use and psychosocial adjustment in adolescence and young adulthood, Addiction, vol.50, issue.9, pp.1123-1135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00103.x

R. Fosados, A. Mcclain, A. Ritt-olson, S. Sussman, D. Soto et al., The influence of acculturation on drug and alcohol use in a sample of adolescents, Addictive Behaviors, vol.32, issue.12, pp.2990-3004, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.06.015

A. J. Fuligni, M. Witkow, and C. Garcia, Ethnic Identity and the Academic Adjustment of Adolescents From Mexican, Chinese, and European Backgrounds., Developmental Psychology, vol.41, issue.5, pp.799-811, 2005.
DOI : 10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.799

A. G. Gil, W. A. Vega, and R. J. Turner, Early and mid-adolescence risk factors for latter subsatnce abuse by African Americans and European Americans, Public Health Report, pp.117-132, 2002.

A. J. Gruber and H. G. Pope, Marijuana use among adolescents, Pediatric Clinics of North America, vol.49, issue.2, pp.389-413, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-3955(01)00011-6

G. J. Huba, M. D. Newcomb, and P. M. Bentler, Comparison of Canonical Correlation and Interbattery Factor Analysis on Sensation Seeking and Drug Use Domains, Applied Psychological Measurement, vol.5, issue.3, pp.291-306, 1981.
DOI : 10.1177/014662168100500302

S. E. Hyler, Personality Questionnaire (PDQ-4, 1994.
DOI : 10.1037/t07759-000

L. T. Jaffe and R. P. Archer, The Prediction of Drug Use Among College Students From MMPI, MCMI, and Sensation Seeking Scales, Journal of Personality Assessment, vol.40, issue.2, pp.243-253, 1987.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-006X.52.4.625

X. Liu, L. Q. Liu, J. Yang, and G. F. Zhao, Reliability and validity of the adolescents self-rating life events checklist, Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol.5, pp.34-36, 1997.

F. F. Marsiglia, S. Kulis, M. L. Hecht, and S. Sills, Ethnicity and Ethnic Identity as Predictors of Drug Norms and Drug Use Among Preadolescents in the US Southwest, Substance Use & Misuse, vol.76, issue.3, pp.1061-1094, 2004.
DOI : 10.1081/ADA-100103709

R. O. Martinez and R. L. Dukes, The effects of ethnic identity, ethnicity, and sex on adolescent well-being, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol.26, issue.5, pp.503-516, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1024525821078

K. N. Mossakowski, Coping with Perceived Discrimination: Does Ethnic Identity Protect Mental Health?, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol.44, issue.3, pp.318-331, 2003.
DOI : 10.2307/1519782

W. Pedersen and A. Skrondal, Ecstasy and new patterns of drug use: a normal population study, Addiction, vol.94, issue.11, pp.1695-1706, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.941116957.x

W. Pedersen, A. Mastekaasa, and L. Wichstrøm, Conduct problems and early cannabis initiation: a longitudinal study of gender differences, Addiction, vol.96, issue.3, pp.415-431, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9634156.x

J. S. Phinney, The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A New Scale for Use with Diverse Groups, Journal of Adolescent Research, vol.7, issue.2, pp.156-176, 1992.
DOI : 10.1177/074355489272003

J. S. Phinney, A three-stage model of ethnic identity development in adolescence Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities, pp.61-79, 1993.

I. Régner and F. Loose, Relationship of sociocultural factors and academic self-esteem to school grades and school disengagement in North African French adolescents, British Journal of Social Psychology, vol.91, issue.4, pp.777-797, 2006.
DOI : 10.1348/014466605X83610

J. M. Rey, M. G. Sawyer, B. Raphael, G. C. Patton, and M. Lynskey, Mental health of teenagers who use cannabis: Results of an Australian survey, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol.180, issue.3, pp.216-221, 2002.
DOI : 10.1192/bjp.180.3.216

R. Roberts, J. Phinney, L. Masse, Y. Chen, C. Roberts et al., The Structure of Ethnic Identity of Young Adolescents from Diverse Ethnocultural Groups, The Journal of Early Adolescence, vol.9, issue.2, pp.301-322, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/9781118619179

A. J. Romero, D. Martinez, and S. C. Carvajal, Bicultural Stress and Adolescent Risk Behaviors in a Community Sample of Latinos and Non-Latino European Americans, Ethnicity & Health, vol.12, issue.5, pp.443-463, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/074355488944003

A. G. Ryder, L. E. Alden, and D. L. Paulhus, Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional? A head-to-head comparison in the prediction of personality, self-identity, and adjustment., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.79, issue.1, pp.49-65, 2000.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.79.1.49

G. Saint-jean, C. A. Martinez, and L. A. Crandall, Psychosocial Mediators of the Impact of Acculturation on Adolescent Substance Abuse, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, vol.4, issue.S, pp.187-195, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10903-007-9060-z

J. Simons, C. J. Correia, K. B. Carey, and B. E. Borsari, Validating a five-factor marijuana motives measure: Relations with use, problems, and alcohol motives., Journal of Counseling Psychology, vol.45, issue.3, pp.265-273, 1998.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.265

B. G. Tabachnick and L. S. Fidell, Using multivariate statistics, 2001.

H. T. Trueba, Culturally Based Explanations of Minority Students' Academic Achievement, Anthropology & Education Quarterly, vol.18, issue.4, pp.270-287, 1988.
DOI : 10.1525/aeq.1988.19.3.05x1565e

J. B. Unger, L. Baezconde-garbanati, S. Shakib, P. H. Palmer, E. Nezami et al., A Cultural Psychology Approach to ???Drug Abuse??? Prevention, Substance Use & Misuse, vol.23, issue.4, pp.1779-1820, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/16066350211869

R. Vandrey, A. J. Budney, J. L. Kamon, and C. Stanger, Cannabis withdrawal in adolescent treatment seekers, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol.78, issue.2, pp.205-210, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.001

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1626354

W. Vega, R. Zimmerman, G. Warheit, and A. Gil, Socioeconomic conditions, stress and mental disorders: Toward a new synthesis of research and public policy. National Institute of Mental Health, Acculturation, stress and Latino adolescents drug use (chapter, 2003.

Z. Walsh, L. Allen, and D. Kosson, Beyond Social Deviance: Substance Use Disorders and the Dimensions of Psychopathy, Journal of Personality Disorders, vol.21, issue.3, pp.273-288, 2007.
DOI : 10.1521/pedi.2007.21.3.273

M. Wieviorka, Is multiculturalism the solution?, Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol.21, issue.5, pp.881-910, 1998.
DOI : 10.1080/014198798329702

M. Zuckerman, S. B. Eysenck, and H. J. Eysenck, Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons., Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol.46, issue.1, pp.139-149, 1978.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-006X.46.1.139