R. Armijo, P. Tapponnier, J. L. Mercier, and H. Tonglin, Quaternary extension in southern Tibet, J. geophys. Res, vol.91, issue.13, pp.803-816, 1986.
DOI : 10.1029/jb091ib14p13803

J. Avouac and E. Burov, Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.4, issue.2, pp.17-747, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/TC004i004p00359

J. P. Avouac and P. Tapponnier, Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.97, issue.1, pp.895-898, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90053-Z

J. A. Baldwin, K. X. Whipple, and G. E. Tucker, Implications of the shear stress river incision model for the timescale of postorogenic decay of topography, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.101, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<0528:CCOTEO>2.3.CO;2

C. Beaumont, P. Fullsack, and J. Hamilton, Erosional control of active compressional orogens, Thrust Tectonics, pp.1-18, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_1

C. Beaumont, R. A. Jamieson, M. H. Nguyen, and B. Lee, Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, vol.414, issue.6865, pp.414-738, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/414738a

C. Beaumont, R. A. Jamieson, M. H. Nguyen, and S. Medvedev, Crustal channel flows: 1. Numerical models with applications to the tectonics of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.6, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1130/1052-5173(2001)011<0004:EHGATG>2.0.CO;2

P. Bettinelli, J. P. Avouac, M. Flouzat, F. Jouanne, L. Bollinger et al., Plate Motion of India and Interseismic Strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS Measurements, Journal of Geodesy, vol.366, issue.6455, pp.567-589, 2006.
DOI : 10.4294/jpe1952.41.87
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00225040

R. K. Bilham, K. Larson, and J. Freymuller, GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya, Nature, vol.386, issue.6620, pp.414-61, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/386061a0

B. Bookhagen and D. W. Burbank, Topography, relief, and TRMMderived rainfall variations along the Himalaya, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.33, pp.10-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2006gl026037

J. Braun and P. Van-der-beek, Evolution of passive margin escarpments: What can we learn from low-temperature thermochronology?, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.94, issue.B12, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/00167618208729224
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00096518

B. Burchfiel, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, vol.18, issue.7, pp.4-11, 2008.
DOI : 10.1130/GSATG18A.1

B. C. Burchfiel, Z. Chen, Y. Liu, and L. H. Royden, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, vol.14, issue.8, pp.661-735, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/327141a0

N. L. Carter and M. C. Tsenn, Flow properties of continental lithosphere, Tectonophysics, vol.136, issue.1-2, pp.27-63, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90333-7

R. Cattin and J. Avouac, Modeling mountain building and the seismic cycle in the Himalaya of Nepal, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.366, issue.suppl. 1, pp.389-402, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/366557a0

R. Cattin, G. Martelet, P. Henry, J. Avouac, M. Diament et al., Gravity anomalies, crustal structure and thermo-mechanical support of the Himalaya of Central Nepal, Geophysical Journal International, vol.147, issue.2, pp.381-392, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01541.x

Z. Chen, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.27, issue.46, pp.215-231, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00170-4
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000JB900092/pdf

M. K. Clark and L. H. Royden, Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, vol.28, issue.8, pp.703-706, 2000.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<703:TOBTEM>2.0.CO;2

M. K. Clark, J. W. Bush, and L. H. Royden, Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheological strength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Journal International, vol.162, issue.2, pp.575-590, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02580.x

M. K. Clark, M. A. House, L. H. Royden, K. X. Whipple, B. C. Burchfiel et al., Late Cenozoic uplift of southeastern Tibet, Geology, vol.33, issue.6, pp.525-528, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G21265.1
URL : http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/1721.1/29758/2/54664866-MIT.pdf

A. Copley and D. Mckenzie, Models of crustal flow in the India-Asia collision zone, Geophys, J. Int, vol.169, pp.683-698, 2007.

K. L. Cook and L. H. Royden, The role of crustal strength variations in shaping orogenic plateaus, with application to Tibet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.113, issue.2, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1201/9781439824672.ch4

E. Fielding, B. Isacks, M. Barazangi, and C. Duncan, How flat is Tibet? Geology, pp.163-167, 1994.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0163:hfit>2.3.co;2

W. Gan, P. Zhang, Z. K. Shen, Z. Niu, M. Wang et al., Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.32, issue.1, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1986.tb04357.x
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.463.9714

A. R. Gilchrist and M. A. Summerfield, Differential denudation and flexural isostasy in formation of rifted-margin upwarps, Nature, vol.346, issue.6286, pp.739-742, 1990.
DOI : 10.1038/346739a0

V. Godard, Couplagé erosion-tectonique en contexte de convergence intracontinentale. ´ Etude comparée de la cha??necha??ne Himalayenne et des Longmen Shan (est-Tibet), 2006.

V. Godard, R. Cattin, and J. Lavé, Numerical modelling of mountain building: interplay between erosion law and crustal rheology, Geophys. Res. Lett, vol.31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2004gl021006

V. Godard, J. Lavé, and R. Cattin, Numerical modelling of erosion processes in the Himalayas of Nepal: effects of spatial variations of rock strength and precipitation, Analogue and Numerical Modelling of Crustal-Scale Processes, pp.341-358, 2006.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.253.01.18
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00248984

V. Godard, R. Pik, J. Lavé, B. Tibari, R. Cattin et al., Exhumation history of the Central Longmen Shan (Eastern Tibet) from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry, Tectonics, in press, p.10, 1029.

R. Hassani, D. Jongmans, and J. Chéry, Study of plate deformation and stress in subduction processes using two-dimensional numerical models, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.99, issue.suppl. 1, pp.951-968, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/94JB00809

G. Hetenyi, R. Cattin, J. Vergne, and J. Nabelek, The effective elastic thickness of the India Plate from receiver function imaging, gravity anomalies and thermomechanical modelling, Geophysical Journal International, vol.167, issue.3, pp.1106-1118, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03198.x

G. Hetenyi, R. Cattin, F. Brunet, L. Bollinger, J. Vergne et al., Density distribution of the India plate beneath the Tibetan plateau: Geophysical and petrological constraints on the kinetics of lower-crustal eclogitization, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.264, issue.1-2, pp.226-244, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.09.036
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00311551

G. E. Hilley, R. Burgmann, P. Z. Zhang, and P. Molnar, Bayesian inference of plastosphere viscosities near the Kunlun Fault, northern Tibet, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.32, issue.1, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1785/gssrl.73.6.884

V. Godard, R. Cattin, J. Lavé-hilley, G. E. Blisniuk, P. M. Strecker et al., Mechanics and erosion of basement-cored uplift provinces, J. geophys. Res, vol.110, pp.10-1029, 2005.

T. Holland and R. Powell, Calculation of Phase Relations Involving Haplogranitic Melts Using an Internally Consistent Thermodynamic Dataset, Journal of Petrology, vol.42, issue.4, pp.673-683, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/petrology/42.4.673

A. D. Howard and G. Kerby, Channel changes in badlands, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.94, issue.6, pp.739-752, 1983.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<739:CCIB>2.0.CO;2

S. B. Hu, L. J. He, and J. Y. Wang, Heat flow in the continental area of China: a new data set, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.179, issue.2, pp.407-419, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00126-6

X. Jiang and Y. Jin, Mapping the deep lithospheric structure beneath the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from gravity anomalies, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.12, issue.4, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb06513.x

R. Jolivet, R. Cattin, N. Chamot-rooke, C. Lasserre, and G. Peltzer, Thin-plate modeling of interseismic deformation and asymmetry across the Altyn Tagh fault zone, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.26, issue.B1, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.046
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00371991

F. Jouanne, J. Mugnier, M. R. Pandey, J. Gamond, L. Fort et al., Oblique convergence in the Himalayas of western Nepal deduced from preliminary results of GPS measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.13, issue.4, pp.1933-1936, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0191-8141(91)90068-T

R. W. King, Geodetic measurement of crustal motion in southwest China, Geology, vol.25, issue.2, pp.179-182, 1997.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0179:GMOCMI>2.3.CO;2

E. Kirby, P. W. Reiners, M. A. Krol, K. X. Whipple, K. V. Hodges et al., Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: inferences from Ar-40/Ar-39 and (U- Th)/He thermochronology, p.10, 1029.

E. Kirby, K. X. Whipple, W. Q. Tang, and Z. L. Chen, Distribution of active rock uplift along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from bedrock channel longitudinal profiles, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.3, issue.B2, pp.10-1029, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/93WR01810

S. H. Kirby and A. K. Kronenberg, Rheology of the lithosphere: Selected topics, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.91, issue.6, pp.1219-1244, 1987.
DOI : 10.1029/GM036p0213

S. L. Klemperer, Crustal flow in Tibet: geophysical evidence for the physical state of tibetan lithosphere, and inferred patterns of active flow, in Channel Flow, Ductile Extrusion and Exhumation In Continental Collision Zones, pp.39-70, 2006.

H. Kooi and C. Beaumont, Escarpment evolution on high-elevation rifted margins: Insights derived from a surface processes model that combines diffusion, advection, and reaction, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.28, issue.B6, pp.12-191, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/RG028i001p00001

H. Kooi and C. Beaumont, Large-scale geomorphology: Classical concepts reconciled and integrated with contemporary ideas via a surface processes model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.5, issue.B2, pp.3361-3386, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-555X(92)90056-T

P. O. Koons, P. K. Zeitler, C. P. Chamberlain, D. Craw, and A. S. Meltzer, Mechanical links between erosion and metamorphism in Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya, American Journal of Science, vol.302, issue.9, pp.749-773, 2002.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.302.9.749
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.210.6198

K. Larson, R. Bürgmann, R. Bilham, and J. Freymueller, Kinematics of the India-Eurasia collision zone from GPS measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.97, issue.46, pp.1077-1093, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/92JB00132

J. Lavé, Analytic solution of the mean elevation of a watershed dominated by fluvial incision and hillslope landslides, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.107, issue.B2, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3066-0_1

J. Lavé and J. Avouac, Active folding of fluvial terraces across the Siwaliks Hills, Himalayas of central Nepal, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.366, issue.HY7, pp.5735-5770, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/366557a0

J. Lavé and J. Avouac, Fluvial incision and tectonic uplift across the Himalayas of central Nepal, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.366, issue.3, pp.561-587, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/366557a0

J. Lavé and D. Burbank, Denudation processes and rates in the Transverse Ranges, southern California: Erosional response of a transitional landscape to external and anthropogenic forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, vol.21, issue.B2, pp.10-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0371:MMFTTO>2.3.CO;2

H. Lyon-caen and P. Molnar, Gravity anomalies, flexure of the Indian Plate, and the structure, support and evolution of the Himalaya and Ganga Basin, Tectonics, vol.44, issue.3, pp.513-538, 1985.
DOI : 10.1190/1.1441012

J. G. Masek, B. L. Isacks, T. L. Gubbels, and E. J. Fielding, Erosion and tectonics at the margins of continental plateaus, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.366, issue.B7, pp.941-954, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/366557a0

Q. R. Meng, J. M. Hu, E. Wang, and H. J. Qu, Late Cenozoic denudation by large-magnitude landslides in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.243, issue.1-2, pp.252-267, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.12.008

F. Métivier and Y. Gaudemer, Mass transfer between eastern Tien Shan and adjacent basins (central Asia): constraints on regional tectonics and topography, Geophysical Journal International, vol.128, issue.1, pp.1-17, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb04068.x

P. Molnar and P. England, Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: chicken or egg?, Nature, vol.346, issue.6279, pp.29-34, 1990.
DOI : 10.1038/346029a0

M. New, D. Lister, M. Hulme, and I. Makin, A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas, Climate Research, vol.21, pp.1-25, 2002.
DOI : 10.3354/cr021001

M. E. Raymo and W. F. Ruddiman, Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate, Nature, vol.359, issue.6391, pp.117-122, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/359117a0

N. J. Richardson, A. L. Densmore, D. Seward, A. Fowler, A. Wipf et al., Extraordinary denudation in the Sichuan Basin: Insights from low-temperature thermochronology adjacent to the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.34, issue.6, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.2138/am-1999-0903

L. H. Royden, B. C. Burchfiel, R. W. King, E. Wang, Z. L. Chen et al., Surface Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow in Eastern Tibet, Science, vol.276, issue.5313, pp.788-790, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.276.5313.788

N. M. Shapiro, M. H. Ritzwoller, P. Molnar, and V. Levin, Thinning and Flow of Tibetan Crust Constrained by Seismic Anisotropy, Science, vol.305, issue.5681, pp.233-236, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1098276

Z. K. Shen, J. N. Lu, M. Wang, and R. Burgmann, Contemporary crustal deformation around the southeast borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.23, issue.1, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G20554.1

W. Sun, Bouguer Gravity Anomaly Map of the People's Republic of China, Tech. rep., Chin. Acad. Geoexplor. Beijing, 1989.

W. Thatcher, Microplate model for the present-day deformation of Tibet, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.6, issue.B4, pp.10-1029, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1982.tb04969.x

M. C. Tsenn and N. L. Carter, Upper limits of power law creep of rocks, Tectonophysics, vol.136, issue.1-2, pp.1-26, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1951(87)90332-5

G. E. Tucker and R. Slingerland, Erosional dynamics, flexural isostasy, and long-lived escarpments: A numerical modeling study, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.68, issue.B6, pp.229-241, 1994.
DOI : 10.1086/626637

G. E. Tucker and R. Slingerland, Drainage basin responses to climate change, Water Resources Research, vol.273, issue.17, pp.2031-2047, 1997.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.273.4.335

G. E. Tucker and K. X. Whipple, Implications of sediment-fluxdependent river incision models for landscape evolution, J. geophys. Res, vol.107, pp.10-1029, 2002.

P. Underwood, Dynamic Relaxation. Computational Methods for Transient Analysis, pp.245-265, 1983.

U. S. Survey-van-der-beek, P. Braun, and J. , Numerical modelling of landscape evolution on geological time-scales: a parameter analysis and comparison with the south-eastern highlands of Australia, Basin Research, vol.76, issue.1, pp.49-68, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2117.1998.00056.x

P. Van-der-beek, M. A. Summerfield, J. Braun, R. W. Brown, and A. Fleming, Modeling postbreakup landscape development and denudational history across the southeast African (Drakensberg Escarpment) margin, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.I, issue.B12, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1029/GM107p0189

P. Verpeaux, T. Charras, and A. Millard, Castem 2000: une approche moderne du calcul des structures, Calcul des Structures et Intelligence Artificielle, pp.261-271, 1988.

X. Wang, J. Wang, Q. Li, and H. Yu, Deep heat flow and geothermal structure in Sichuan Basin of China, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, pp.1937-1940, 2000.

P. Wessel and W. H. Smith, New, improved version of generic mapping tools released, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, vol.76, issue.47, p.329, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95EO00198

K. X. Whipple and G. E. Tucker, Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.22, issue.46, pp.661-678, 1999.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0047:PHSOTK>2.3.CO;2

S. D. Willett, Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.21, issue.11, pp.28-957, 1999.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0371:MMFTTO>2.3.CO;2

G. Wittlinger, Seismic tomography of northern Tibet and Kunlun: Evidence for crustal blocks and mantle velocity contrasts, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.139, issue.1-2, pp.263-279, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00235-5

Y. Q. Yang and M. Liu, Cenozoic deformation of the Tarim plate and the implications for mountain building in the Tibetan Plateau and the Tian Shan, Tectonics, vol.5, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2002.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<715:PUOTNT>2.0.CO;2

P. Zhang, Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data, Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from Global Positioning System data, pp.809-812, 2004.
DOI : 10.1130/G20554.1

X. Zhou, X. Wang, S. Yang, H. Yu, and Y. Zeng, The analysis of geothermal field characteristics in Sichuan Basin of China, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, pp.1937-1940, 2000.