Prochlorperazine Increases KCC2 Function and Reduces Spasticity after Spinal Cord Injury.
Abstract
In mature neurons, low intracellular chloride level required for inhibition is maintained by the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2. Impairment of Cl- extrusion following KCC2 dysfunction has been involved in many CNS disorders such as seizures, neuropathic pain or spasticity after a spinal cord injury (SCI). This makes KCC2 an appealing drug target for restoring Cl-homeostasis and inhibition in pathological conditions. In the present study, we screen the Prestwick Chemical Library® and identify conventional antipsychotics phenothiazine derivatives as enhancers of KCC2 activity. Among them, prochlorperazine hyperpolarizes the Cl- equilibrium potential in motoneurons of neonatal rats and restores the reciprocal inhibition after SCI. The compound alleviates spasticity in chronic adult SCI rats with an efficacy equivalent to the anti-spastic agent baclofen, and rescues the SCI-induced downregulation of KCC2 in motoneurons below the lesion. These preclinical data support prochlorperazine for a new therapeutic indication in the treatment of spasticity after SCI and neurological disorders involving a KCC2 dysfunction.