Multispacer Sequence Typing Relapsing Fever Borreliae in Africa

Elbir Haitham (1) , Gregory Gimenez (1) , Cheikh Sokhna (1) , Kassahun Desalegn Bilcha (2) , Jemal Ali (2) , Stephen C. Barker (3) , Sally J. Cutler (4) , Didier Raoult (1) , Michel Drancourt (1)

1 URMITE - Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes
2 University of Gondar
3 UQ [All campuses : Brisbane, Dutton Park Gatton, Herston, St Lucia and other locations] - The University of Queensland
4 UEL - University of East London

Background: In Africa, relapsing fevers are neglected arthropod-borne infections caused by closely related Borrelia species. They cause mild to deadly undifferentiated fever particularly severe in pregnant women. Lack of a tool to genotype these Borrelia organisms limits knowledge regarding their reservoirs and their epidemiology. Methodology/Principal Findings: Genome sequence analysis of Borrelia crocidurae, Borrelia duttonii and Borrelia recurrentis yielded 5 intergenic spacers scattered between 10 chromosomal genes that were incorporated into a multispacer sequence typing (MST) approach. Sequencing these spacers directly from human blood specimens previously found to be infected by B. recurrentis (30 specimens), B. duttonii (17 specimens) and B. crocidurae (13 specimens) resolved these 60 strains and the 3 type strains into 13 species-specific spacer types in the presence of negative controls. B. crocidurae comprised of 8 spacer types, B. duttonii of 3 spacer types and B. recurrentis of 2 spacer types. Conclusions/Significance: Phylogenetic analyses of MST data suggested that B. duttonii, B. crocidurae and B. recurrentis are variants of a unique ancestral Borrelia species. MST proved to be a suitable approach for identifying and genotyping relapsing fever borreliae in Africa. It could be applied to both vectors and clinical specimens.

Mots clés: Borrelia; Borrelia infection; Sequence analysis; DNA sequence analysis; Genotyping; Ticks; Blood; Relapsing fever

Domaines: Bactériologie; Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique [q-bio.GN]; Maladies infectieuses

Elbir Haitham, Gregory Gimenez, Cheikh Sokhna, Kassahun Desalegn Bilcha, Jemal Ali, et al.. Multispacer Sequence Typing Relapsing Fever Borreliae in Africa. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012, 6 (6), pp.e1652. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0001652⟩. ⟨hal-01785708⟩