1149524) ompA gene (ECs1041) UniProtKB/SwissProt P0A911 Outer membrane protein A Escherichia coli O157:H7 GenBank X97542.1 (2571..6473) espP gene UniProtKB Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome, 2626136) fliC gene Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECs2662) UniProtKB/SwissProt Q7AD06 Flagellin Escherichia coli O157:H7 GenBank NC_002695.1, pp.1073-1086, 2005. ,
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in human medicine, International Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.295, issue.6-7, pp.405-418, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.06.009
Shiga toxins ??? from cell biology to biomedical applications, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.5, issue.2, pp.105-116, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02413.x
Shiga Toxin (Stx) Classification, Structure, and Function, Microbiology Spectrum, vol.2, issue.4, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0024-2013
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4270005?pdf=render
Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, Pediatric Nephrology, vol.54, issue.11, pp.2231-2240, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/151.5.775
Summary, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, vol.105, issue.03, pp.515-528, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1160/TH10-02-0140
Harboring Shiga Toxin 2 Gene Variants: Frequency and Association with Clinical Symptoms, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.185, issue.1, pp.74-84, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1086/338115
URL : https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-pdf/185/1/74/18004556/185-1-74.pdf
Cytolethal Distending Toxin from Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Causes Irreversible G2/M Arrest, Inhibition of Proliferation, and Death of Human Endothelial Cells, Infection and Immunity, vol.73, issue.1, pp.552-562, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.73.1.552-562.2005
Hemolysin from Shiga toxin-negative Escherichia coli O26 strains injures microvascular endothelium, Microbes and Infection, vol.9, issue.3, p.17314059, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.12.001
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Hemolysin Employs Outer Membrane Vesicles to Target Mitochondria and Cause Endothelial and Epithelial Apoptosis, PLoS Pathogens, vol.9, issue.1, p.24348251 ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003797.s009
URL : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003797
Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages, Microbiology, vol.183, issue.4, pp.1851-1875, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1084/jem.183.4.1533
Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene Cluster in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichiacoli O157:H- and O157:H7: Characterization and Evolutionary Considerations, Infection and Immunity, vol.71, issue.6, pp.3634-3638, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3634-3638.2003
URL : http://iai.asm.org/content/71/6/3634.full.pdf
Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Escherichia coli O157:H7: Spectrum of Conservation, Structure, and Endothelial Toxicity, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.44, issue.5, pp.1844-1846, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.44.5.1844-1846.2006
Molecular analysis of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933, Infect Immun, vol.63, pp.1055-1061, 1995. ,
Shiga Toxin 2 and Flagellin from Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Superinduce Interleukin-8 through Synergistic Effects on Host Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Activation, Infection and Immunity, vol.78, issue.7, pp.2984-2994, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.00383-10
URL : http://iai.asm.org/content/78/7/2984.full.pdf
Shiga Toxin 2 and Lipopolysaccharide Induce Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells To Release Chemokines and Factors That Stimulate Platelet Function, Infection and Immunity, vol.73, issue.12, pp.8306-8316, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.73.12.8306-8316.2005
URL : http://iai.asm.org/content/73/12/8306.full.pdf
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Specific Enterohemolysin Induced IL-1?? in Human Macrophages and EHEC-Induced IL-1?? Required Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome, PLoS ONE, vol.214, issue.11, p.23209696, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0050288.s001
Subtypes of the Plasmid-Encoded Serine Protease EspP in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli: Distribution, Secretion, and Proteolytic Activity, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.73, issue.20, pp.6351-6359, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00920-07
EspP, a novel extracellular serine protease of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 cleaves human coagulation factor V, Molecular Microbiology, vol.24, issue.4, pp.767-778, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3871751.x
EspP, a Serine Protease of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Impairs Complement Activation by Cleaving Complement Factors C3/C3b and C5, Infection and Immunity, vol.78, issue.10, pp.4294-4301, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.00488-10
A novel mechanism for the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria, Nature Communications, vol.9, issue.952, p.26806181, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003614
Virulence and Immunomodulatory Roles of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, vol.74, issue.1, pp.81-94, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1128/MMBR.00031-09
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vesicles target toxin delivery into mammalian cells, The EMBO Journal, vol.115, issue.23, pp.4538-4549, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.141.4.917
URL : http://emboj.embopress.org/content/embojnl/23/23/4538.full.pdf
Long-Distance Delivery of Bacterial Virulence Factors by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Outer Membrane Vesicles, PLoS Pathogens, vol.280, issue.4, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000382.s004
ABSTRACT, Infection and Immunity, vol.80, issue.1, pp.31-42, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.06069-11
delivers its genotoxin through outer membrane vesicles secreted from infected cells, Cellular Microbiology, vol.79, issue.12, pp.2034-2050, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.01277-10
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cmi.12172/pdf
Virulence from vesicles: Novel mechanisms of host cell injury by Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak strain, Scientific Reports, vol.2, issue.1, p.26283502, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1007/3DRes.01(2011)4
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01194805
Export of virulence genes and Shiga toxin by membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.65, pp.1843-1848, 1999. ,
Production of Shiga toxin by Escherichia coli measured with reference to the membrane vesicle-associated toxins, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.40, issue.1, pp.139-144, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01078.x
Clonal structure and pathogenicity of Shiga-like toxin-producing, sorbitol-fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H, J Clin Microbiol, vol.31, pp.1200-1205, 1993. ,
7.2.3 Antibody concentrations In: Griffiths G. Fine structure immunocytochemistry, pp.245-248, 1993. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00566280
Dynasore, a Cell-Permeable Inhibitor of Dynamin, Developmental Cell, vol.10, issue.6, pp.839-850, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.04.002
Mis-assembly of clathrin lattices on endosomes reveals a regulatory switch for coated pit formation, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.123, issue.5, pp.1107-1117, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.123.5.1107
Filipin-dependent Inhibition of Cholera Toxin: Evidence for Toxin Internalization and Activation through Caveolae-like Domains, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.26, issue.4, pp.905-915, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.123.5.1107
Bacterial membrane vesicles deliver peptidoglycan to NOD1 in epithelial cells, Cellular Microbiology, vol.51, issue.3, pp.372-385, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.903
Transducible TAT-HA fusogenic peptide enhances escape of TAT-fusion proteins after lipid raft macropinocytosis, Nature Medicine, vol.3, issue.3, pp.310-315, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90067-5
Cytochalasins block actin filament elongation by binding to high affinity sites associated with F-actin, J Biol Chem, vol.255, pp.835-838, 1980. ,
Furin-induced Cleavage and Activation of Shiga Toxin, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.268, issue.18, pp.10817-10821, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00913.x
Signal transduction and endocytosis: close encounters of many kinds, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol.118, issue.8, pp.600-614, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.118.2.321
Targeting of Shiga Toxin B-Subunit to Retrograde Transport Route in Association with Detergent-resistant Membranes, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.130, issue.8, pp.2453-2468, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90127-7
Functionally different pools of Shiga toxin receptor, globotriaosyl ceramide, in HeLa cells, FEBS Journal, vol.5, issue.22, pp.5205-5218, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E04-07-0596
The Association of Shiga-like Toxin with Detergent-resistant Membranes Is Modulated by Glucosylceramide and Is an Essential Requirement in the Endoplasmic Reticulum for a Cytotoxic Effect, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.17, issue.3, pp.1375-1387, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.73.4.2524-2532.2005
Shiga toxin glycosphingolipid receptors in microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells: differential association with membrane lipid raft microdomains, Journal of Lipid Research, vol.70, issue.4, pp.618-634, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nature05996
Tumor-Specific Targeting of Pancreatic Cancer with Shiga Toxin B-Subunit, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, vol.10, issue.10, pp.1918-1928, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-11-0006
Characterization of a cis-Golgi matrix protein, GM130, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.131, issue.6, pp.1715-1726, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.131.6.1715
The Biology of the Cytolethal Distending Toxins, Toxins, vol.69, issue.3, pp.172-190, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.69.9.5925-5930.2001
The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Effects on Mammalian Cells: A DNA Damage Perspective, Cells, vol.4, issue.2, pp.592-615, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.chom.2013.07.012
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01192559
Escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin blocks the HeLa cell cycle at the G2/M transition by preventing cdc2 protein kinase dephosphorylation and activation, Infect Immun, vol.65, pp.5088-5095, 1997. ,
DNA Double-stranded Breaks Induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation on Serine 139, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.337, issue.10, pp.5858-5868, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1007/BF00274682
URL : http://www.jbc.org/content/273/10/5858.full.pdf
The Induction of Apoptosis by Shiga Toxins and Ricin, Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, vol.357, pp.137-178, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1007/82_2011_155
Two toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities, Infect Immun, vol.53, pp.135-140, 1986. ,
Outer membrane vesicles from the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and the commensal ECOR12 enter intestinal epithelial cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis and elicit differential effects on DNA damage, PLoS One, vol.11, issue.8, p.27487076, 2016. ,
Activation of immune and defense responses in the intestinal mucosa by outer membrane vesicles of commensal and probiotic Escherichia coli strains, Front Microbiol, vol.7, pp.705-27242727, 2016. ,
ABSTRACT, Infection and Immunity, vol.82, issue.10, pp.4034-4046, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.01980-14
A Novel Mechanism of Bacterial Toxin Transfer within Host Blood Cell-Derived Microvesicles, PLOS Pathogens, vol.12, issue.2, p.25719452, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004619.s004
Shiga toxins, Toxicon, vol.60, issue.6, pp.1085-1107, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.016
Retrograde transport of protein toxins through the Golgi apparatus, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, vol.168, issue.3, pp.317-326, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.200412003
Uptake and Processing of the Cytolethal Distending Toxin by Mammalian Cells, Toxins, vol.16, issue.11, pp.3098-3116, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.008
Bacterial genotoxins: The long journey to the nucleus of mammalian cells, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, vol.1858, issue.3, pp.567-575, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.08.016
Retrograde transport of endocytosed Shiga toxin to the endoplasmic reticulum, Nature, vol.358, issue.6386, pp.510-512, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1038/358510a0
Direct Pathway from Early/Recycling Endosomes to the Golgi Apparatus Revealed through the Study of Shiga Toxin B-fragment Transport, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.268, issue.4, pp.973-990, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90533-5
Membrane cytosolic translocation of verotoxin A1 subunit in target cells, Microbiology, vol.153, issue.8, pp.2700-2710, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1099/mic.0.2007/006858-0
Bcl-2 antiapoptotic protein mediates verotoxin II-induced cell death: possible association between bcl-2 and tissue failure by E. coli O157:H7, Genes Dev, vol.14, pp.1734-1740, 2000. ,
Molecular Damage and Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Human Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shiga Toxin 1, Shiga Toxin 2, and ??-Sarcin, Infection and Immunity, vol.75, issue.5, pp.2201-2207, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.01707-06
Verotoxin 1 binding to intestinal crypt epithelial cells results in localization to lysosomes and abrogation of toxicity, Cellular Microbiology, vol.16, issue.2, pp.85-97, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M003497200
Globotriaosyl ceramide receptor function - Where membrane structure and pathology intersect, FEBS Letters, vol.246, issue.9, pp.1879-1886, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8531
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.089/pdf
Dynamic measurement of the pH of the Golgi complex in living cells using retrograde transport of the verotoxin receptor, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.134, issue.6, pp.1387-1399, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.134.6.1387
Cellular internalization of cytolethal distending toxin: a new end to a known pathway, Cellular Microbiology, vol.274, issue.7, pp.921-934, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.5813
ABSTRACT, Infection and Immunity, vol.80, issue.8, pp.2761-2770, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.00385-12
Cytolethal Distending Toxins Require Components of the ER-Associated Degradation Pathway for Host Cell Entry, PLoS Pathogens, vol.6, issue.7, p.25078082, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004295.s004
Distinct Roles for CdtA and CdtC during Intoxication by Cytolethal Distending Toxins, PLOS ONE, vol.319, issue.11, p.26618479, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0143977.t002
URL : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143977
Bacterial toxin modulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: are all cytolethal distending toxins created equally?, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, vol.2, p.23061054, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00124
CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC Form a Tripartite Complex That Is Required for Cytolethal Distending Toxin Activity, Infection and Immunity, vol.69, issue.7, pp.4358-4365, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.69.7.4358-4365.2001
CDT-V, Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, vol.63, issue.1, pp.1-10, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1556/AVet.2015.001
A Bacterial Toxin That Controls Cell Cycle Progression as a Deoxyribonuclease I-Like Protein, Science, vol.290, issue.5490, pp.354-357, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5490.354
Cytolethal Distending Toxin Causes Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway, Helicobacter, vol.77, issue.2, pp.98-107, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.39.6.1292
O157:H7, FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, vol.63, issue.3, pp.427-434, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.4142/jvs.2008.9.3.219
Restriction site-free insertion of PCR products directionally into vectors, Biotechniques, vol.28, pp.498-505, 2000. ,
RF cloning: A restriction-free method for inserting target genes into plasmids, Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, vol.67, issue.1, pp.67-74, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbbm.2005.12.008
2 Serotyping of Escherichia coli, Methods in Microbiology, pp.43-112, 1984. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0580-9517(08)70447-1
A Polyclonal Antibody Based Immunoassay Detects Seven Subtypes of Shiga Toxin 2 Produced by Escherichia coli in Human and Environmental Samples, PLoS ONE, vol.336, issue.10, p.24146860, 2013. ,
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0076368.s001
Pal Lipoprotein of Escherichia coli Plays a Major Role in Outer Membrane Integrity, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.184, issue.3, pp.754-759, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1128/JB.184.3.754-759.2002
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli expresses a novel flagellin that causes IL-8 release from intestinal epithelial cells, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.105, issue.12, pp.1769-1777, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1172/JCI8892
URL : http://www.jci.org/articles/view/8892/files/pdf
Immunochemistry on ultrathin frozen sections, The Histochemical Journal, vol.75, issue.4, pp.381-403, 1980. ,
DOI : 10.1177/14.12.929
Dynamic light scattering: With applications to chemistry, biology, and physics ,
Analysis of Macromolecular Polydispersity in Intensity Correlation Spectroscopy: The Method of Cumulants, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.33, issue.11, pp.4814-4820, 1972. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.4.2033
Selective expression of adhesion molecules on human brain microvascular endothelial cells, Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol.76, issue.1-2, pp.81-90, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-5728(97)00036-2
BioImageXD: an open, general-purpose and high-throughput image-processing platform, Nature Methods, vol.279, issue.7, pp.683-689, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M312912200
A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, Journal of Immunological Methods, vol.139, issue.2, pp.271-279, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1759(91)90198-O