F. W. Allendorf, Genetic drift and the loss of alleles versus heterozygosity, Zoo Biology, vol.5, pp.181-190, 1986.

T. Andersen, J. Carstensen, E. Hernandez-garcia, and C. M. Duarte, Ecological thresholds and regime shifts: approaches to identification, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.24, pp.49-57, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.014
URL : https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/12875/2/AndersenCarstensenHernandez-GarciaDuarte.pdf

M. Balint, S. Domisch, C. Engelhardt, P. Haase, S. Lehrian et al., Cryptic biodiversity loss linked to global climate change, Nature Climate Change, vol.1, pp.313-318, 2011.

A. D. Ball, J. Stapley, D. A. Dawson, T. R. Birkhead, T. Burke et al., A comparison of SNPs and microsatellites as linkage mapping markers: lessons from the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), BMC Genomics, vol.11, pp.212-213, 2005.

R. I. Bancila, T. Hartel, R. Plaiasu, J. Smets, and D. Cogalniceanu, Comparing three body condition indices in amphibians: a case study of yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata, Amphibia-Reptilia, vol.31, pp.558-562, 2010.

A. D. Barnosky, E. A. Hadly, J. Bascompte, E. L. Berlow, J. H. Brown et al., Approaching a state shift in Earth/'s biosphere, Nature, vol.486, pp.52-58, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/nature11018
URL : http://hdl.handle.net/10261/55208

J. Battin, When good animals love bad habitats: ecological traps and the conservation of animal populations, Conservation Biology, vol.18, pp.1482-1491, 2004.

G. G. Beaugrand, P. C. Reid, F. D. Ibanez, J. A. Lindley, and M. Edwards, Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate, Science, vol.296, pp.1692-1694, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1071329

S. R. Beissinger and D. R. Mccullough, Population Viability Analysis, 2002.

A. M. Bennett and D. L. Murray, Maternal body condition influences magnitude of anti-predator response in offspring, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences 281, 2014.

E. J. Bergman, P. F. Doherty, C. J. Bishop, L. L. Wolfe, and B. A. Banulis, Herbivore body condition response in altered environments: mule deer and habitat management, PLoS ONE, vol.9, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0106374
URL : https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106374&type=printable

C. Boettiger and A. Hastings, Quantifying limits to detection of early warning for critical transitions, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol.9, pp.2527-2539, 2012.

G. Booy, R. J. Hendriks, M. J. Smulders, J. M. Van-groenendael, and B. Vosman, Genetic diversity and the survival of populations, Plant Biology, vol.2, pp.379-395, 2000.

J. D. Brawn and S. K. Robinson, Source-sink population dynamics may complicate the interpretation of long-term census data, Ecology, vol.77, pp.3-12, 1996.

U. Brose, R. B. Ehnes, B. C. Rall, O. Vucic-pestic, E. L. Berlow et al., Foraging theory predicts predator-prey energy fluxes, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.77, pp.1072-1078, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01408.x
URL : https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01408.x

U. Brose, T. Jonsson, E. L. Berlow, P. Warren, C. Banasek-richter et al., Consumer-resource body-size relationships in natural food webs, vol.87, pp.2411-2417, 2006.

N. Brummitt, E. C. Regan, L. V. Weatherdon, C. Martin, I. R. Geijzendorffer et al., Taking stock of nature: essential biodiversity variables explained, Biological Conservation
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01773444

E. Bruns, F. Chmielewski, and J. Arnold, The global phenological monitoring concept, Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science, pp.93-104, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-0632-3_7

S. Buerki and W. J. Baker, Collections-based research in the genomic era, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol.117, pp.5-10, 2016.

R. Buitenwerf, L. Rose, and S. I. Higgins, Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology, Nature Climate Change, vol.5, pp.364-368, 2015.

K. P. Burnham, G. C. White, and D. R. Anderson, Model selection strategy in the analysis of capture-recapture data, Biometrics, vol.51, pp.888-898, 1995.

S. J. Burthe, P. A. Henrys, E. B. Mackay, B. M. Spears, R. Campbell et al., Do early warning indicators consistently predict nonlinear change in long-term ecological data, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.53, pp.666-676, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2664.12519
URL : https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.12519

S. H. Butchart, H. R. Akcakaya, E. Kennedy, and C. Hilton-taylor, Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN red list index, Conservation Biology, vol.20, pp.579-581, 2006.

S. H. Butchart, M. Walpole, B. Collen, A. Van-strien, J. R. Scharlemann et al., Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines, Science, vol.328, pp.1164-1168, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1187512

A. Caballero and A. García-dorado, Allelic diversity and its implications for the rate of adaptation, Genetics, vol.195, pp.1373-1384, 2013.

M. Cardillo, G. M. Mace, K. E. Jones, J. Bielby, O. R. Bininda-emonds et al., Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species, Science, vol.309, pp.1239-1241, 2005.

H. Caswell, Matrix population models: Construction, analysis and interpretation, 2001.

A. Cattaneo, A. Asioli, P. Comoli, and M. Manca, Organisms' response in a chronically polluted lake supports hypothesized link between stress and size, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.43, pp.1938-1943, 1998.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1998.43.8.1938
URL : https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1998.43.8.1938

F. Cézilly, A. Quinard, S. Motreuil, and R. Pradel, Adult survival selection in relation to multilocus heterozygosity and body size in a tropical bird species, the Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita, Oecologia, vol.180, pp.127-136, 2016.

F. S. Chapin, . Iii, E. S. Zavaleta, V. T. Eviner, R. L. Naylor et al., Consequences of changing biodiversity, Nature, vol.405, pp.234-242, 2000.

O. Chastel, H. Weimerskirch, and P. Jouventin, Body condition and seabird reproductive performance: a study of three petrel species, Ecology, vol.76, pp.2240-2246, 1995.

S. L. Chen, M. Wu, J. P. Henderson, T. M. Hooton, M. E. Hibbing et al., Genomic diversity and fitness of E. coli strains recovered from the intestinal and urinary tracts of women with recurrent urinary tract infection, Science Translational Medicine, vol.5, pp.184-60, 2013.

W. W. Cheung, J. L. Sarmiento, J. Dunne, T. L. Frölicherfr¨frölicher, V. W. Lam et al., Shrinking of fishes exacerbates impacts of global ocean changes on marine ecosystems, Nature Climate Change, vol.3, pp.254-258, 2013.

E. Clancey and J. A. Byers, The definition and measurement of individual condition in evolutionary studies, Ethology, vol.120, pp.845-854, 2014.

F. C. Clare, O. Daniel, J. B. Halder, J. Bielby, M. A. Semenov et al., Climate change will force fungal pathogen infection across a multi-species community, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.371, 1709.

J. S. Clark, S. R. Carpenter, M. Barber, S. Collins, A. Dobson et al., Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative, Science, vol.293, pp.657-660, 2001.

J. Clavel, R. Julliard, and V. Devictor, Worldwide decline of specialist species: toward a global functional homogenization?, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.9, pp.222-228, 2011.

C. A. Clay, E. M. Lehmer, S. St-jeor, and M. D. Dearing, Testing mechanisms of the dilution effect: deer mice encounter rates, Sin Nombre virus prevalence and species diversity, EcoHealth, vol.6, pp.250-259, 2009.

E. E. Cleland, I. Chuine, A. Menzel, H. A. Mooney, and M. D. Schwartz, Shifting plant phenology in response to global change, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.22, pp.357-365, 2007.

T. H. Clutton-brock, Reproductive effort and terminal investment in iteroparous animals, American Naturalist, vol.123, pp.212-229, 1984.

N. Collinson and T. Sparks, Phenology-nature's calendar: an overview of results from the UK phenology network, Arboricultural Journal, vol.30, pp.271-278, 2008.

D. O. Conover and S. B. Munch, Sustaining fisheries yields over evolutionary time scales, Science, vol.297, pp.94-96, 2002.

F. Courchamp, T. Clutton-brock, and B. Grenfell, Inverse density dependence and the Allee effect, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.14, pp.405-410, 1999.

J. W. Curtsinger and R. Ming, Non-linear selection responses in Drosophila: a strategy for testing the rare-alleles model of quantitative genetic variability, Genetica, vol.99, pp.59-66, 1997.

K. M. De-beurs and G. M. Henebry, Land surface phenology, climatic variation, and institutional change: analyzing agricultural land cover change in Kazakhstan, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.89, pp.497-509, 2004.

J. P. Dempster and E. Pollard, Spatial heterogeneity, stochasticity and the detection of density dependence in animal populations, Oikos, vol.46, pp.413-416, 1986.

V. Devictor, R. Julliard, D. Couvet, and F. Jiguet, Birds are tracking climate warming, but not fast enough, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.275, pp.2743-2748, 2008.

V. Devictor, C. Van-swaay, T. Brereton, L. Brotons, D. Chamberlain et al., , 2012.

, Differences in the climatic debts of birds and butterflies at a continental scale, Nature Climate Change, vol.2, pp.121-124

V. Devictor, R. J. Whittaker, and C. Beltrame, Beyond scarcity: citizen science programmes as useful tools for conservation biogeography, Diversity and Distributions, vol.16, pp.354-362, 2010.

S. Domisch, M. B. Ará-ujo, N. Bonada, S. U. Pauls, S. C. Jähnig et al.,

, Modelling distribution in European stream macroinvertebrates under future climates, Global Change Biology, vol.19, pp.752-762

P. Donald, R. Green, and M. Heath, Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe's farmland bird populations, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.268, pp.25-29, 2001.

J. E. Earl and R. D. Semlitsch, Carryover effects in amphibians: are characteristics of the larval habitat needed to predict juvenile survival?, Ecological Applications, vol.23, pp.1429-1442, 2013.

M. Edwards and A. J. Richardson, Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch, Nature, vol.430, pp.881-884, 2004.

H. J. Einzmann, J. Beyschlag, F. Hofhansl, W. Wanek, and G. Zotz, Host tree phenology affects vascular epiphytes at the physiological, demographic and community level, AoB Plants, vol.7, p.73, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/aobpla/plu073
URL : https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article-pdf/doi/10.1093/aobpla/plu073/13740667/plu073.pdf

J. Elith and J. R. Leathwick, Species distribution models: ecological explanation and prediction across space and time, Evolution, and Systematics, vol.40, p.677, 2009.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120159

T. Elmqvist, C. Folke, M. Nyströmnystr¨nyström, G. Peterson, J. Bengtsson et al., Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.1, pp.488-494, 2003.
DOI : 10.2307/3868116
URL : https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1890/1540-9295%282003%29001%5B0488%3ARDECAR%5D2.0.CO%3B2

, Environmental indicators: typology and overview, European Environment Agency, p.19, 1999.

L. Fattorini, C. Pisani, and A. Sforzi, The estimation of wildlife ungulate abundance using sample area surveys: an application to Maremma Regional Park, Statistical Methods and Applications, vol.13, pp.197-212, 2004.

M. C. Fisher, D. A. Henk, C. J. Briggs, J. S. Brownstein, L. C. Madoff et al., Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health, Nature, vol.484, pp.186-194, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/nature10947
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3821985?pdf=render

D. F. Flynn, M. Gogol-prokurat, T. Nogeire, N. Molinari, B. T. Richers et al., Loss of functional diversity under land use intensification across multiple taxa, Ecology Letters, vol.12, pp.22-33, 2009.

J. A. Foley, R. Defries, G. P. Asner, C. Barford, G. Bonan et al., Global consequences of land use, Science, vol.309, pp.570-574, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111772
URL : http://rcin.org.pl/Content/31092

J. Forrest and A. J. Miller-rushing, Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.365, pp.3101-3112, 2010.

R. Frankham, K. Lees, M. E. Montgomery, P. R. England, E. H. Lowe et al., Do population size bottlenecks reduce evolutionary potential?, Animal Conservation, vol.2, pp.255-260, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/s136794309900058x

T. W. Garner, J. M. Rowcliffe, and M. C. Fisher, Climate change, chytridiomycosis or condition: an experimental test of amphibian survival, Global Change Biology, vol.17, pp.667-675, 2011.

K. J. Gaston, Common ecology, BioScience, vol.61, pp.354-362, 2011.

I. R. Geijzendorffer, E. Regan, H. M. Pereira, L. Brotons, N. Brummitt et al., Bridging the gap between biodiversity data and policy reporting needs: an essential biodiversity variables perspective, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.53, pp.1341-1350, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01444652

T. W. Gillespie, G. M. Foody, D. Rocchini, A. P. Giorgi, and S. Saatchi, Measuring and modelling biodiversity from space, Progress in Physical Geography, vol.32, pp.203-221, 2008.
DOI : 10.1177/0309133308093606
URL : https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt6rb716b0/qt6rb716b0.pdf?t=kro4sx

R. W. Graham and E. C. Grimm, Effects of global climate change on the patterns of terrestrial biological communities, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.5, pp.289-292, 1990.

G. Greenbaum, A. R. Templeton, Y. Zarmi, and S. Bar-david, Allelic richness following population founding events -a stochastic modeling framework incorporating gene flow and genetic drift, PLoS ONE, vol.9, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0115203
URL : https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0115203&type=printable

V. Grosbois, O. Gimenez, J. M. Gaillard, R. Pradel, C. Barbraud et al., Assessing the impact of climate variation on survival in vertebrate populations, Biological Reviews, vol.83, pp.357-399, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00319707

A. Guisan and W. Thuiller, Predicting species distribution: offering more than simple habitat models, Ecology Letters, vol.10, p.435, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00274246

A. Hampe and R. J. Petit, Conserving biodiversity under climate change: the rear edge matters, Ecology Letters, vol.8, pp.461-467, 2005.

I. Hanski, J. Alho, and A. Moilanen, Estimating the parameters of survival and migration of individuals in metapopulations, Ecology, vol.81, pp.239-251, 2000.

J. Heino, R. Virkkala, and H. Toivonen, Climate change and freshwater biodiversity: detected patterns, future trends and adaptations in northern regions, Biological Reviews, vol.84, pp.39-54, 2009.

K. Henle, K. F. Davies, M. Kleyer, C. Margules, and J. Settele, Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.13, pp.207-251, 2004.

K. Henle, S. Potts, W. Kunin, Y. Matsinos, J. Simila et al., Scaling in Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation, Advanced Books, vol.1, 2014.

R. J. Hopp, Plant phenology observation networks, Phenology and Seasonality Modeling, pp.25-43, 1974.

L. N. Hudson, T. Newbold, S. Contu, S. L. Hill, I. Lysenko et al., The PREDICTS database: a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts, Ecology and Evolution, vol.4, pp.4701-4735, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204216

A. R. Hughes and J. J. Stachowicz, Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.101, pp.8998-9002, 2004.

W. Jetz, J. M. Mcpherson, and R. P. Guralnick, Integrating biodiversity distribution knowledge: toward a global map of life, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.27, pp.151-159, 2012.

J. C. Johnson, L. S. Miles, P. J. Trubl, and A. Hagenmaier, Maternal effects on egg investment and offspring performance in black widow spiders, Animal Behaviour, vol.91, pp.67-73, 2014.

P. Jouquet, J. Dauber, J. Lagerï-of, P. Lavelle, and M. Lepage, Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.32, pp.153-164, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00396312

P. Karell, P. Kontiainen, H. Pietiainen, H. Siitari, and J. Brommer, Maternal effects on offspring Igs and egg size in relation to natural and experimentally improved food supply, Functional Ecology, vol.22, pp.682-690, 2008.

C. D. Keeling, J. F. Chin, and T. P. Whorf, Increased activity of northern vegetation inferred from atmospheric CO2 measurements, Nature, vol.382, pp.146-149, 1996.

L. F. Keller and D. M. Waller, Inbreeding effects in wild populations, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.17, pp.230-241, 2002.

J. T. Kerby and E. Post, Advancing plant phenology and reduced herbivore production in a terrestrial system associated with sea ice decline, Nature Communications, vol.4, 2013.

E. W. Koch, E. B. Barbier, B. R. Silliman, D. J. Reed, G. M. Perillo et al., Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.7, pp.29-37, 2009.

H. Kokko and G. D. Ruxton, Breeding suppression and predator-prey dynamics, Ecology, vol.81, pp.252-260, 2000.

N. Kolm, Male size determines reproductive output in a paternal mouthbrooding fish, Animal Behaviour, vol.63, pp.727-733, 2002.

R. P. Kovach, J. E. Joyce, J. D. Echave, M. S. Lindberg, and D. A. Tallmon, Earlier migration timing, decreasing phenotypic variation, and biocomplexity in multiple salmonid species, PLoS ONE, vol.8, p.53807, 2013.

C. J. Krebs and G. R. Singleton, Indexes of condition for small mammals, Australian Journal of Zoology, vol.41, pp.317-323, 1993.

J. J. Kuiper, C. Van-altena, P. C. De-ruiter, L. P. Van-gerven, J. H. Janse et al., Food-web stability signals critical transitions in temperate shallow lakes, Nature Communications, vol.6, p.7727, 2015.

S. J. Kupferberg, W. J. Palen, A. J. Lind, S. Bobzien, A. Catenazzi et al., Effects of flow regimes altered by dams on survival, population declines, and range-wide losses of California river-breeding frogs, Conservation Biology, vol.26, pp.513-524, 2012.

P. Kutiel, Fire and ecosystem heterogeneity: a Mediterranean case study, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, vol.19, pp.187-194, 1994.

M. K. Labocha and J. P. Hayes, Morphometric indices of body condition in birds: a review, Journal of Ornithology, vol.153, pp.1-22, 2012.

E. G. Lamb, E. Bayne, G. Holloway, J. Schieck, S. Boutin et al., Indices for monitoring biodiversity change: are some more effective than others?, Ecological Indicators, vol.9, pp.432-444, 2009.

R. Lande, Risks of population extinction from demographic and environmental stochasticity and random catastrophes, American Naturalist, vol.142, pp.911-927, 1993.

J. D. Lebreton, K. P. Burnham, J. Clobert, and D. R. Anderson, , 1992.

, Modeling survival and testing biological hypothesis using marked animals: a unified approach with case studies, Ecological Monographs, vol.62, pp.67-118

K. A. Lee, Linking immune defenses and life history at the levels of the individual and the species, Integrative and Comparative Biology, vol.46, pp.1000-1015, 2006.

L. Lens, S. Van-dongen, and E. Matthysen, Fluctuating asymmetry as an early warning system in the critically endangered Taita thrush, Conservation Biology, vol.16, pp.479-487, 2002.

P. Lesica, B. Mccune, and E. Ezcurra, Decline of Arctic-alpine plants at the southern margin of their range following a decade of climatic warming, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.15, pp.679-690, 2004.

N. M. Levine, K. Zhang, M. Longo, A. Baccini, O. L. Phillips et al., Ecosystem heterogeneity determines the ecological resilience of the Amazon to climate change, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.113, pp.793-797, 2016.

L. Liang and M. D. Schwartz, Landscape phenology: an integrative approach to seasonal vegetation dynamics, Landscape Ecology, vol.24, pp.465-472, 2009.

J. Loh, R. E. Green, T. Ricketts, J. Lamoreux, M. Jenkins et al., The living planet index: using species population time series to track trends in biodiversity, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.360, pp.289-295, 2005.

A. Loyau and F. D. Lacroix, Watching sexy displays improves hatching success and offspring growth through maternal allocation, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.277, pp.3453-3460, 2010.

A. Loyau, G. Sorci, and M. S. Jalme, Intra-and intersexual selection for multiple traits in the peacock (Pavo cristatus), Ethology, vol.111, pp.810-820, 2005.

A. Macedá-veiga, A. J. Green, and A. De-sostoa, Scaled body-mass index shows how habitat quality influences the condition of four fish taxa in north-eastern Spain and provides a novel indicator of ecosystem health, Freshwater Biology, vol.59, pp.1145-1160, 2014.

W. E. Magnusson, Uncertainty and the design of in-situ biodiversity-monitoring programs, Nature Conservation, vol.8, pp.77-94, 2014.

D. M. Marsh and P. C. Trenham, Current trends in plant and animal population monitoring, Conservation Biology, vol.22, pp.647-655, 2008.

J. Masel, Genetic drift, Current Biology, vol.21, pp.837-838, 2011.

S. N. Massa, C. M. Paulino, E. A. Serräo, C. M. Duarte, and S. Arnaud-haond, Entangled effects of allelic and clonal (genotypic) richness in the resistance and resilience of experimental populations of the seagrass Zostera noltii to diatom invasion, BMC Ecology, vol.13, 2013.

H. R. Mattila and T. D. Seeley, Genetic diversity in honey bee colonies enhances productivity and fitness, Science, vol.317, pp.362-364, 2007.

M. L. Mckinney, Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization, Biological Conservation, vol.127, pp.247-260, 2006.

L. Mcrae, B. Collen, S. Deinet, P. Hill, J. Loh et al., The living planet index, 2012.

A. Menzel, T. H. Sparks, N. Estrella, E. Koch, A. Aasa et al., European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern, Global Change Biology, vol.12, pp.1969-1976, 2006.

J. B. Mihoub, K. Henle, N. Titeux, L. Brotons, N. Brummitt et al., Setting temporal baselines for biodiversity: the limits of available monitoring data for capturing the full impact of anthropogenic pressures, Scientific Reports, vol.7, p.41591, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01465891

J. T. Morisette, A. D. Richardson, A. K. Knapp, J. I. Fisher, E. A. Graham et al., Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol.7, pp.253-260, 2008.

C. Moritz and R. Agudo, The future of species under climate change: resilience or decline?, Science, vol.341, pp.504-508, 2013.

W. F. Morris and D. F. Doak, Quantitative Conservation Biology, 2002.

T. A. Mousseau and C. W. Fox, The adaptive signifcance of maternal effects, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.13, pp.403-407, 1998.

W. W. Murdoch, F. C. Evans, and C. H. Peterson, Diversity and pattern in plants and insects, Ecology, vol.53, pp.819-829, 1972.

H. Nagendra and D. Rocchini, High resolution satellite imagery for tropical biodiversity studies: the devil is in the detail, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.17, pp.3431-3442, 2008.

T. Newbold, L. N. Hudson, A. P. Arnell, S. Contu, A. De-palma et al., Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment, Science, vol.353, pp.288-291, 2016.

J. D. Nichols, Capture-recapture models, BioScience, vol.42, pp.94-102, 1992.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02126430

J. D. Nichols and W. L. Kendall, The use of multi-state capture-recapture models to address questions in evolutionary ecology, Journal of Applied Statistics, vol.22, pp.835-846, 1995.

J. D. Nichols, W. L. Kendall, J. E. Hines, and J. A. Spendelow, Estimation of sex-specific survival from capture-recapture data when sex is not always known, Ecology, vol.85, pp.3192-3201, 2004.

J. D. Nichols and B. K. Williams, Monitoring for conservation, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.21, pp.668-673, 2006.

M. A. Nicoll, C. G. Jones, and K. Norris, Declining survival rates in a reintroduced population of the Mauritius kestrel: evidence for non-linear density dependence and environmental stochasticity, Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.72, pp.917-926, 2003.

R. F. Noss, Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach, Conservation Biology, vol.4, pp.355-364, 1990.

A. Ozgul, K. B. Armitage, D. T. Blumstein, and M. K. Oli, Spatiotemporal variation in survival rates: implications for population dynamics of yellow-bellied marmots, Ecology, vol.87, pp.1027-1037, 2006.

A. Ozgul, D. Z. Childs, M. K. Oli, K. B. Armitage, D. T. Blumstein et al., Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change, Nature, vol.466, pp.482-485, 2010.

M. L. Pace, S. R. Carpenter, R. A. Johnson, and J. T. Kurtzweil, Zooplankton provide early warnings of a regime shift in a whole lake manipulation, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.58, pp.525-532, 2013.

M. L. Pace, J. J. Cole, S. R. Carpenter, and J. F. Kitchell, Trophic cascades revealed in diverse ecosystems, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.14, pp.483-488, 1999.

M. W. Palmer, P. G. Earls, B. W. Hoagland, P. S. White, and T. Wohlgemuth, Quantitative tools for perfecting species lists, Environmetrics, vol.13, pp.121-137, 2002.

C. Parmesan and G. Yohe, A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems, Nature, vol.421, pp.37-42, 2003.

J. Peig and A. J. Green, The paradigm of body condition: a critical reappraisal of current methods based on mass and length, Functional Ecology, vol.24, pp.1323-1332, 2010.

H. M. Pereira, S. Ferrier, M. Walters, G. Geller, R. Jongman et al., Essential biodiversity variables, vol.339, pp.277-278, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01824601

C. A. Peres, Composition, density, and fruiting phenology of arborescent palms in an Amazonian terra firme forest, Biotropica, vol.26, pp.285-294, 1994.

G. Péron, P. Crochet, R. Choquet, R. Pradel, J. Lebreton et al., Capture-recapture models with heterogeneity to study survival senescence in the wild, Oikos, vol.119, pp.524-532, 2010.

N. Pettorelli, M. Wegmann, A. Skidmore, S. M-¨-ucher, T. P. Dawson et al., Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables: challenges and future directions, Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, vol.2, pp.122-131, 2016.

S. Piry, G. Luikart, and J. Cornuet, Computer note. BOTTLENECK: a computer program for detecting recent reductions in the effective size using allele frequency data, Journal of Heredity, vol.90, pp.502-503, 1999.

R. Pradel, Multievent: an extension of multistate capture-recapture models to uncertain states, Biometrics, vol.61, pp.442-447, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02126357

R. Pradel, J. E. Hines, J. D. Lebreton, and J. D. Nichols, , 1997.

, Capture-recapture survival models taking account of transients, Biometrics, vol.53, pp.60-72

W. N. Probst, S. Stoll, L. Peters, P. Fischer, and R. Eckmann, Lake water level increase during spring affects the breeding success of bream Abramis brama (L.), Hydrobiologia, vol.632, pp.211-224, 2009.

V. Proenç-a, L. J. Martin, H. M. Pereira, M. Fernandez, L. Mcrae et al., Global biodiversity monitoring: from data sources to essential biodiversity variables. Biological Conservation

S. Record, N. Charney, R. Zakaria, and A. M. Ellison, Projecting global mangrove species and community distributions under climate change, Conservation Biology, vol.17, pp.230-237, 2003.

D. A. Roach and R. D. Wulff, Maternal effects in plants, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.18, pp.209-235, 1987.

D. Rocchini, D. S. Boyd, J. Féret, G. M. Foody, K. S. He et al., Satellite remote sensing to monitor species diversity: potential and pitfalls, Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, vol.2, pp.25-36, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330160

D. Rocchini and C. Ricotta, Are landscapes as crisp as we may think?, Ecological Modelling, vol.204, pp.535-539, 2007.

J. Rockströmrockstr¨rockström, W. Steffen, K. Noone, A. Persson, F. S. Chapin et al., A safe operating space for humanity, Nature, vol.461, pp.472-475, 2009.

K. D. Rode, S. C. Amstrup, and E. V. Regehr, Reduced body size and cub recruitment in polar bears associated with sea ice decline, Ecological Applications, vol.20, pp.768-782, 2010.

J. R. Rohr, A. A. Elskus, B. S. Shepherd, P. H. Crowley, T. M. Mccarthy et al., Multiple stressors and salamanders: effects of an herbicide, food limitation, and hydroperiod, Ecological Applications, vol.14, pp.1028-1040, 2004.

R. R. Roth, Spatial heterogeneity and bird species diversity, Ecology, vol.57, pp.773-782, 1976.

D. E. Ruzzante, A comparison of several measures of genetic distance and population structure with microsatellite data: bias and sampling variance, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.55, pp.1-14, 1998.

J. Sauer, S. Domisch, C. Nowak, and P. Haase, Low mountain ranges: summit traps for montane freshwater species under climate change, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.20, pp.3133-3146, 2011.

M. Scheffer, Complex systems: foreseeing tipping points, Nature, vol.467, pp.411-412, 2010.

M. Scheffer, J. Bascompte, W. A. Brock, V. Brovkin, S. R. Carpenter et al., , 2009.

, Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature, vol.461, pp.53-59

M. Scheffer and S. R. Carpenter, Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to observation, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.18, pp.648-656, 2003.

D. E. Schindler and R. Hilborn, Prediction, precaution, and policy under global change, Science, vol.347, pp.953-954, 2015.

D. S. Schmeller, Tying ecology and genetics of hemiclonally reproducing waterfrogs (Rana, Anura), Annales Zoologici Fennici, vol.41, pp.681-687, 2004.

D. S. Schmeller, K. Henle, A. Loyau, A. Besnard, and P. Henry, , 2012.

, Bird-monitoring in Europe -a first overview of practices, motivations and aims, Nature Conservation, vol.2, pp.41-57

D. S. Schmeller, P. Henry, R. Julliard, J. Clobert, B. Gruber et al., Advantages of volunteer-based biodiversity monitoring in Europe, Conservation Biology, vol.23, pp.307-316, 2009.

D. S. Schmeller, R. Juillard, P. J. Bellingham, M. B-¨-ohm, N. Brummitt et al., Towards a global terrestrial species monitoring program, Journal for Nature Conservation, vol.25, pp.51-57, 2015.

D. S. Schmeller and J. Merilä, Demographic and genetic estimates of effective population size in the amphibian Rana temporaria, Conservation Biology, vol.21, pp.142-151, 2007.

D. S. Schmeller, A. Seitz, A. Crivelli, and M. Veith, Crossing species' range borders: interspecies gene exchange mediated by hybridogenesis, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.272, pp.1625-1631, 2005.

M. D. Schwartz, R. Ahas, and A. Aasa, Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere, Global Change Biology, vol.12, pp.343-351, 2006.

P. B. Sears and R. Dasmann, A Different Kind of Country, 1968.

A. L. Sheldon, Possible climate-induced shift of stoneflies in a southern Appalachian catchment, Freshwater Science, vol.31, pp.765-774, 2012.

N. Sheppard, K. A. Pitt, and T. A. Schlacher, Sub-lethal effects of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on surf clams on sandy beaches, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.380, pp.113-118, 2009.

A. Skidmore, N. Pettorelli, N. Coops, G. Geller, M. Hansen et al., Environmental science: agree on biodiversity metrics to track from space, Nature, vol.523, 1980.

W. Steffen, K. Richardson, J. Rockströmrockstr¨rockström, S. E. Cornell, I. Fetzer et al., Planetary boundaries: guiding human development on a changing planet, vol.347, p.1259855, 2015.

N. C. Stenseth and A. Mysterud, Climate, changing phenology, and other life history traits: nonlinearity and match-mismatch to the environment, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.99, pp.13379-13381, 2002.

S. Stoll, W. N. Probst, R. Eckmann, and P. Fischer, A mesocosm experiment investigating the effects of substratum quality and wave exposure on the survival of fish eggs, Aquatic Sciences, vol.72, pp.509-517, 2010.

J. Tews, U. Brose, V. Grimm, K. Tielbörgertielb¨tielbörger, M. Wichmann et al., Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures, Journal of Biogeography, vol.31, pp.79-92, 2004.

J. R. Thompson, S. Pacocha, C. Pharino, V. Klepac-ceraj, D. E. Hunt et al., , 2005.

, Genotypic diversity within a natural coastal bacterioplankton population, Science, vol.307, pp.1311-1313

P. Tigerstedt, Studies on isozyme variation in marginal and central populations of Picea abies, Hereditas, vol.75, pp.47-60, 1973.

D. P. Tittensor, M. Walpole, S. L. Hill, D. G. Boyce, G. L. Britten et al., A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets, Science, vol.14, pp.241-244, 2014.

T. Tomiyama, N. Komizunai, K. Ito, and M. Omori, Spatial variation in the abundance and condition of the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea in relation to environmental factors and sublethal predation, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.406, pp.185-196, 2010.

W. Turner, S. Spector, N. Gardiner, M. Fladeland, E. Sterling et al., Remote sensing for biodiversity science and conservation, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.18, pp.306-314, 2003.

B. G. Van-allen, V. S. Briggs, M. W. Mccoy, and J. R. Vonesh, Carry-over effects of the larval environment on post-metamorphic performance in two hylid frogs, Oecologia, vol.164, pp.891-898, 2010.

P. M. Vitousek, H. A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J. M. Melillo, Human domination of Earth's ecosystems, Science, vol.277, pp.494-499, 1997.

A. Wagner, Robustness and evolvability: a paradox resolved, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.275, pp.91-100, 2008.

G. Walther, E. Post, P. Convey, A. Menzel, C. Parmesan et al., Ecological responses to recent climate change, Nature, vol.416, pp.389-395, 2002.

K. Wells, R. B. O'hara, B. D. Cooke, G. J. Mutze, T. A. Prowse et al., Environmental effects and individual body condition drive seasonal fecundity of rabbits: identifying acute and lagged processes, Oecologia, vol.181, pp.853-864, 2016.

M. Whitlock, Lack of correlation between heterozygosity and fitness in forked fungus beetles, Heredity, vol.70, pp.574-581, 1993.

R. W. Winfree, J. Fox, N. M. Williams, J. R. Reilly, and D. P. Cariveau, Abundance of common species, not species richness, drives delivery of a real-world ecosystem service, Ecology Letters, vol.18, pp.626-635, 2015.

C. Wissel, A universal law of the characteristic return time near thresholds, Oecologia, vol.65, pp.101-107, 1984.

X. Zhang, M. A. Friedl, C. B. Schaaf, A. H. Strahler, J. C. Hodges et al., Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol.84, pp.471-475, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/s0034-4257(02)00135-9

P. S. Zu-ermgassen, M. D. Spalding, R. E. Grizzle, and R. D. Brumbaugh, Quantifying the loss of a marine ecosystem service: filtration by the eastern oyster in US estuaries, Estuaries and Coasts, vol.36, pp.36-43, 2013.