Bioavailability of Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Phytochemicals in Humans: Effects of Genetic Variation
Résumé
Recent data have shown that the interindividual variability in the bioavailability of vitamin A (beta-carotene), D, E, carotenoids (lutein and lycopene), as well as that of phytosterols is modulated by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The identified SNPs are in or near genes involved in intestinal uptake/efflux of these compounds, as well as in genes involved in their metabolism and transport. The phenotypic effect of each SNP is usually low but combinations of SNPs can explain a significant part of the variability. Nevertheless, existing results should be considered as preliminary since they have not been validated in other cohorts yet. Guidelines for future studies are provided in order to obtain sound associations that could be used to build consolidated genetic scores that could allow the proposition of tailored dietary allowances, i.e.taking into account the multi-loci genotypic signature of groups of different ethnic originor even of individuals.
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