R. Amundson, . Berhe, J. W. Hopmans, C. Olson, .. E. Sztein et al., , 2015.

, Soil and human security in the 21st century, Science, vol.348, pp.1261071-1261071

,

B. Autret, B. Mary, C. Chenu, M. Balabane, C. Girardin et al., Alternative arable cropping systems : A key to increase soil organic carbon 562 storage ? Results from a 16 year fi eld experiment, p.563, 2016.

, Environment, vol.232, pp.150-164

J. Balesdent and A. Mariotti, Natural 13C abundance as a tracer for studies of soil 565 organic matter dynamics, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.19, pp.25-30, 1987.

T. Beck, R. G. Joergensen, E. Kandeler, F. Makeschin, E. Nuss et al., , p.567

S. Scheu, An inter-laboratory comparison of ten different ways of measuring soil 568 microbial biomass C, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.29, pp.1023-1032, 1997.

, , pp.30-38

, , pp.61337-61337

I. Goodrick, P. Nelson, S. Nake, M. Webb, M. Bird et al., Tree-scale spatial 597 variability of soil carbon cycling in a mature oil palm plantation, Soil Research, vol.54, pp.397-598, 2015.

J. B. Grace, Structural equation modeling and natural systems, p.600, 2006.

,

T. Guillaume, M. Damris, and Y. Kuzyakov, Losses of soil carbon by converting 602 tropical forest to plantations: Erosion and decomposition estimated by ? 13 C. Global 603 Change Biology, vol.21, pp.3548-3560, 2015.

T. Guillaume, A. M. Holtkamp, M. Damris, B. Brümmer, and Y. Kuzyakov, Soil 605 degradation in oil palm and rubber plantations under land resource scarcity, Agriculture, p.606, 2016.

, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.232, pp.110-118

T. Guillaume, M. M. Kotowska, D. Hertel, A. Knohl, V. Krashevska et al., Carbon Costs and Benefits of Indonesian Rainforest 609 Conversion to Plantations, Nature Communications, vol.9, p.2388, 2018.

,

N. R. Haddaway, K. Hedlund, L. E. Jackson, T. Kätterer, E. Lugato et al., , p.612

P. E. Isberg, How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic 613 review, Environmental Evidence, vol.6, issue.1, pp.1-48, 2017.

K. Haron, P. C. Brookes, J. M. Anderson, and Z. Z. Zakaria, Microbial biomass and 616 soil organic matter dynamics in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq, p.617, 1998.

, Malaysia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.30, pp.547-552

A. Hodge, The plastic plant: Root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients, 2004.

R. Fao, World reference base for soil resources, World 622 Soil Resources Reports, vol.162, pp.9-24, 2014.

C. Jourdan, N. Michaux-ferrière, and G. Perbal, Root system architecture and 625 gravitropism in the oil palm, Annals of Botany, vol.85, pp.861-868, 2000.

,

C. Jourdan and H. Rey, Architecture and development of the oil-palm (Elaeis 628 guineensis Jacq.) root system, Plant and Soil, vol.189, pp.33-48, 1997.

,

N. Khasanah, M. Van-noordwijk, H. Ningsih, and S. Rahayu, Carbon neutral? No 631 change in mineral soil carbon stock under oil palm plantations derived from forest or 632 non-forest in Indonesia, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.211, pp.195-206, 2015.

,

L. V. Kheong, Z. A. Rahman, M. H. Musa, and A. Hussein, Empty fruit bunch 635 application and oil palm root proliferation, Journal of Oil Palm Research, vol.22, pp.750-757, 2010.

C. A. Kirkby, A. E. Richardson, L. J. Wade, J. B. Passioura, G. D. Batten et al., , p.639

J. A. Kirkegaard, Nutrient availability limits carbon sequestration in arable 640 soils, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.68, pp.402-409, 2014.

,

Y. Kuzyakov, J. K. Friedel, and K. Stahr, Review of mechanisms and quantification 643 of priming effects, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.32, pp.1485-1498, 2000.

, , pp.84-89

R. Lal, Beyond COP 21: Potential and challenges of the "4 per Thousand" initiative. 646 Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, vol.71, pp.20-25, 2016.

,

P. Lavelle, N. Rodriguez, O. Arguello, J. Bernal, C. Botero et al., Soil ecosystem services and land use in the rapidly changing orinoco river basin 650 of colombia, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.649, pp.106-117, 2014.

,

M. C. Law, M. H. Husni, O. H. Ahmed, and M. Haniff-harun, Spatial variability 653 of soil organic carbon in oil palm: a comparison between youg and mature stands, International Journal of Agricultural Research, vol.654, pp.402-417, 2009.

S. Loeppmann, E. Blagodatskaya, J. Pausch, and Y. Kuzyakov, Substrate quality 656 affects kinetics and catalytic efficiency of exo-enzymes in rhizosphere and detritusphere, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.657, pp.111-118, 2016.

,

K. Lorenz and R. Lal, Soil Carbon Stock, Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural 660 Ecosystems, pp.39-136, 2018.

,

C. Mouginot, R. Kawamura, K. L. Matulich, R. Berlemont, S. D. Allison et al., , p.663

A. C. Martiny, Elemental stoichiometry of fungi and bacteria strains from 664 grassland leaf litter, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol.76, pp.278-285, 2014.

,

H. Pabst, F. Gerschlauer, R. Kiese, and Y. Kuzyakov, Land Use and Precipitation 667, 2016.

, Affect Organic and Microbial Carbon Stocks and the Specific Metabolic Quotient in 668 Soils of Eleven Ecosystems of Mt, p.669

, Development, vol.27, pp.592-602

J. Pausch and Y. Kuzyakov, Soil organic carbon decomposition from recently added 671 and older sources estimated by 13C values of CO2 and organic matter, Soil Biology, p.672, 2012.

, Biochemistry, vol.55, pp.40-47

J. Pausch and Y. Kuzyakov, Carbon input by roots into the soil: Quantification of 674 rhizodeposition from root to ecosystem scale, Global Change Biology, vol.24, pp.1-12, 2018.

,

J. Pausch, J. Tian, M. Riederer, and Y. Kuzyakov, Estimation of rhizodeposition at 677 field scale: Upscaling of a14C labeling study, Plant and Soil, vol.364, pp.273-285, 2013.

,

N. Qiao, X. Xu, Y. Hu, E. Blagodatskaya, Y. Liu et al., , 2016.

, Carbon and nitrogen additions induce distinct priming effects along an organic-matter 681 decay continuum, Scientific Reports, vol.6, 19865.

N. Rahman, A. De-neergaard, J. Magid, G. W. Van-de-ven, K. E. Giller et al.,

B. , Changes in soil organic carbon stocks after conversion from forest to oil palm 684 plantations in Malaysian Borneo, Environmental Research Letters, vol.13, p.105001, 2018.

,

G. Rippstein, E. Amézquita, G. Escobar, and C. Grollier, Condiciones naturales de la 687 sabana, Agroecología y biodiversidad de las sabanas en los Llanos Orientales de, p.688, 2001.

. Colombia, , pp.1-21

Y. Rosseel, lavaan: An R package for structural equation modelling, Journal of 690 Statistical Software, vol.48, pp.1-36, 2012.

M. W. Schmidt, M. S. Torn, S. Abiven, T. Dittmar, G. Guggenberger et al., , p.692

S. E. Trumbore, Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property, 2011.

, Nature, vol.478, pp.49-56

R. L. Sinsabaugh, S. Manzoni, D. L. Moorhead, and A. Richter, Carbon use efficiency 695 29 of microbial communities: Stoichiometry, methodology and modelling, Ecology Letters, vol.696, pp.930-939, 2013.

J. Six, S. D. Frey, R. K. Thiet, and K. M. Batten, Bacterial and Fungal Contributions 698 to Carbon Sequestration in Agroecosystems, Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol.699, issue.70, 2006.

H. Tao, E. M. Slade, K. J. Willis, J. Caliman, and J. L. Snaddon, Effects of soil 701 management practices on soil fauna feeding activity in an Indonesian oil palm plantation, 2016.

. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.218, pp.133-140

,

R. C. Team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing, p.705, 2016.

, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing

E. D. Vance, P. C. Brookes, and D. S. Jenkinson, An extraction method for measuring 708 soil microbial biomass, C. Soil biology and Biochemistry, vol.19, issue.6, pp.703-707, 1987.

, , vol.87, pp.90052-90058

Y. Yusuyin, N. P. Tan, M. K. Wong, A. Abdu, . Bin et al., , 2015.

, Nutrient Status of Frond Heaps and the Underlying Soils at An 18-Year-Old Oil Palm 712

, Malaysia. Tropical Agriculture and Development, vol.59, pp.212-220

,

H. Zang, J. Wang, and Y. Kuzyakov, N fertilization decreases soil organic matter 715 decomposition in the rhizosphere, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.108, pp.47-53, 2016.

,

W. Zech, N. Senesi, G. Guggenberger, K. Kaiser, J. Lehmann et al., , p.718

G. , Factors controlling humification and mineralization of soil organic matter in 719 the tropics, Geoderma, vol.79, pp.117-161, 1997.