Trained Immunity Carried by Non-immune Cells

Attoumani Hamada (1) , Cedric Torre (1) , Michel Drancourt (1) , Eric Ghigo (1)

1 MEPHI - Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections

"Trained immunity" is a term proposed by Netea to describe the ability of an organism to develop an exacerbated immunological response to protect against a second infection independent of the adaptative immunity. This immunological memory can last from 1 week to several months and is only described in innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Paradoxically, the lifespan of these cells in the blood is shorter than the duration of trained immunity. This observation suggested that trained immunity could be carried by long lifespan cells such as stem cells and non-immune cells like fibroblasts. It is now evident that in addition to performing their putative function in the development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, non-immune cells also play an important role in the response to pathogens by producing anti-microbial factors, with long-term inflammation suggesting that non-immune cells can be trained to confer long-lasting immunological memory. This review provides a summary of the current relevant knowledge about the cells which possess immunological memory and discusses the possibility that non-immune cells may carry immunological memory and mechanisms that might be involved.

Keywords: trained immunity; immunomodulatory; non-immune cells; stem cells; lifespan

Domains: Life Sciences [q-bio]; Immunology; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Microbiology and Parasitology; Bacteriology; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Microbiology and Parasitology; Virology; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Microbiology and Parasitology; Parasitology; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Human health and pathology; Cardiology and cardiovascular system; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Human health and pathology; Emerging diseases; Life Sciences [q-bio]; Human health and pathology; Infectious diseases

Attoumani Hamada, Cedric Torre, Michel Drancourt, Eric Ghigo. Trained Immunity Carried by Non-immune Cells. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2019, 9, ⟨10.3389/fmicb.2018.03225⟩. ⟨hal-02243365⟩