Exploration of the propagation of transpovirons within Mimiviridae reveals a unique example of commensalism in the viral world - Archive ouverte HAL Access content directly
Journal Articles ISME Journal Year : 2020

Exploration of the propagation of transpovirons within Mimiviridae reveals a unique example of commensalism in the viral world

Lionel Bertaux
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Matthieu Legendre
Yohann Couté
Jean-Michel Claverie
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Chantal Abergel

Abstract

Acanthamoeba-infecting Mimiviridae are giant viruses with dsDNA genome up to 1.5 Mb. They build viral factories in the host cytoplasm in which the nuclear-like virus-encoded functions take place. They are themselves the target of infections by 20-kb-dsDNA virophages, replicating in the giant virus factories and can also be found associated with 7-kb-DNA episomes, dubbed transpovirons. Here we isolated a virophage (Zamilon vitis) and two transpovirons respectively associated to Band C-clade mimiviruses. We found that the virophage could transfer each transpoviron provided the host viruses were devoid of a resident transpoviron (permissive effect). If not, only the resident transpoviron originally isolated from the corresponding virus was replicated and propagated within the virophage progeny (dominance effect). Although Band C-clade viruses devoid of transpoviron could replicate each transpoviron, they did it with a lower efficiency across clades, suggesting an ongoing process of adaptive co-evolution. We analysed the proteomes of host viruses and virophage particles in search of proteins involved in this adaptation process. This study also highlights a unique example of intricate commensalism in the viral world, where the transpoviron uses the virophage to propagate and where the Zamilon virophage and the transpoviron depend on the giant virus to replicate, without affecting its infectious cycle.
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hal-02409597 , version 1 (13-12-2019)

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Attribution - CC BY 4.0

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Sandra Jeudy, Lionel Bertaux, Jean-Marie Alempic, Audrey Lartigue, Matthieu Legendre, et al.. Exploration of the propagation of transpovirons within Mimiviridae reveals a unique example of commensalism in the viral world. ISME Journal, 2020, ⟨10.1038/s41396-019-0565-y⟩. ⟨hal-02409597⟩
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