J. Arroyo, Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae), la evolución de los polimorfismos florales y la conservación más allá de las "listas rojas, Rev Chil Hist Nat, vol.75, pp.39-55, 2002.

J. Barido-sottani, . Bo?ková, . Ld-plessis, . Kühnert, . Magnus et al., Taming the BEAST -a community teaching material resource for BEAST 2, Syst Biol, vol.67, pp.170-174, 2017.

C. D. Bell, . Soltis, and . Soltis, The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited, Am J Bot, vol.97, pp.1296-1303, 2010.

J. S. Boatwright, B. Savolainen, L. Van-wyk, . Schutte-vlok, . Forest et al., Systematic position of the anomalous genus Cadia and the phylogeny of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae), Syst Bot, vol.33, pp.133-147, 2008.

R. Bouckaert, . Heled, . Kühnert, C. Vaughan, D. Wu et al., BEAST 2: a software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis, PLoS Comput Biol, vol.10, p.1003537, 2014.

M. Cadotte, . Albert, and . Walker, The ecology of differences: assessing community assembly with trait and evolutionary distances, Ecol Lett, vol.16, pp.1234-1244, 2013.

V. B. Call and . Dilcher, Investigations of angiosperms from the Eocene of southeastern North America: samaras of Fraxinus wilcoxiana Berry, Rev Palaeobot Palynol, vol.74, pp.249-266, 1992.

J. Castresana, Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis, Mol Biol Evol, vol.17, pp.540-552, 2000.

M. W. Chase, . Christenhusz, . Fay, . Byng, . Judd et al., An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV, Bot J Linn Soc, vol.181, pp.1-20, 2016.

C. Albassatneh, M. Fady, . Roig, . Spanu, . Bagnoli et al., Genus level DNA sequence data for three genes (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA) for the paper: a comprehensive, genus-level time-calibrated phylogeny of the tree flora of Mediterranean Europe and an assessment of its vulnerability [Data set, 2019.

J. Chen, X. Hao, C. Guang, P. Zhao, . Wang et al., Liriodendron genome sheds light on angiosperm phylogeny and species-pair differentiation, Nat Plants, vol.5, p.18, 2019.

D. Chessel, A. Dufour, and J. Thioulouse, The ade4 package I-one-table methods. R News, vol.4, pp.5-10, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00427558

J. T. Clarke, . Warnock, and . Donoghue, Establishing a time-scale for plant evolution, New Phytol, vol.192, pp.266-301, 2011.

M. Coiro, J. A. Doyle, and . Hilton, How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?, New Phytol, vol.223, pp.83-99, 2019.

C. Conord, B. Gurevitch, and . Fady, Large-scale longitudinal gradients of genetic diversity: a meta-analysis across six phyla in the Mediterranean basin, Ecol Evol, vol.2, pp.2600-2614, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01232005

L. G. Cook and . Crisp, Not so ancient: the extant crown group of Nothofagus represents a post-Gondwanan radiation, Pro R Soc B Biol Sci, vol.272, pp.2535-2544, 2005.

M. D. Crisp and . Cook, Cenozoic extinctions account for the low diversity of extant gymnosperms compared with angiosperms, New Phytol, vol.192, pp.997-1009, 2011.

S. Dall, D. I. Bell, . Bolnick, and . Flw-ratnieks, An evolutionary ecology of individual differences, Ecol Lett, vol.15, pp.1189-1198, 2012.

D. Darriba, . Taboada, . Doallo, and . Posada, jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing, Nat Methods, vol.9, p.772, 2012.

S. Díaz, . Purvis, G. M. Jh-cornelissen, . Mace, . Donoghue et al., Functional traits, the phylogeny of function, and ecosystem service vulnerability, Ecol Evol, vol.3, pp.2958-2975, 2013.

J. A. Doyle and . Hotton, Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context, Pollen and spores: patterns of diversification, vol.44, pp.169-195, 1991.

A. J. Drummond, . Ho, . Phillips, and . Rambaut, Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence, Plos Biol, vol.4, issue.5, p.88, 2006.

J. Duminil, . Fineschi, P. Hampe, . Jordano, . Salvini et al., Can population genetic structure be predicted from life-history traits?, Am Nat, vol.169, pp.662-667, 2007.

O. Eriksson, E. M. Friis, and P. Löfgren, Seed size, fruit size, and dispersal systems in angiosperms from the early cretaceous to the late tertiary, Am Nat, vol.156, pp.47-58, 2000.

J. Felsenstein, Maximum likelihood and minimum-steps methods for estimating evolutionary trees from data on discrete characters, Syst Zool, vol.22, pp.240-249, 1973.

O. Fiz-palacios, H. Schneider, J. Heinrichs, and V. Savolainen, Diversification of land plants: insights from a family-level phylogenetic analysis, BMC Evol Biol, vol.11, p.341, 2011.

F. Forest, K. A. Crandall, . Chase, F. Forest, M. Grenyer et al., Phylogeny, extinction and conservation: embracing uncertainties in a time of urgency, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.370, pp.757-760, 2007.

S. A. Fritz and . Purvis, Selectivity in Mammalian extinction risk and threat types: a new measure of phylogenetic signal strength in binary traits, Conserv Biol, vol.24, pp.1042-1051, 2010.

T. Galili, Adjusting and comparing trees of hierarchical clustering, Bioinformatics, vol.31, issue.22, pp.3718-3720, 2015.

M. Gouy, O. Guindon, and . Gascuel, SeaView version 4 : a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building, Mol Biol Evol, vol.27, pp.221-224, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/lirmm-00511794

P. Grandcolas, . Nattier, . Legendre, and . Pellens, Mapping extrinsic traits such as extinction risks or modelled bioclimatic niches on phylogenies: does it make sense at all? Cladistics, vol.27, pp.181-185, 2011.

R. Hackathon, . Bolker, . Butler, . Cowan, . Vienne et al., phylobase: base package for phylogenetic structures and comparative data, 2013.

S. Hedges, M. Marin, M. Suleski, . Paymer, and . Kumar, Tree of life reveals clock-like speciation and diversification, Mol Biol Evol, vol.32, pp.835-845, 2015.

S. B. Hedges and . Kumar, Discovering the timetree of life, pp.3-18, 2009.

C. M. Herrera, Historical effects and sorting processes as explanations for contemporary ecological patterns: character syndromes in Mediterranean woody plants, Am Nat, vol.140, pp.421-446, 1992.

D. D. Hinsinger, M. Basak, C. Gaudeul, P. Cruaud, . Bertolino et al., The phylogeny and biogeographic history of ashes (Fraxinus, Oleaceae) highlight the roles of migration and vicariance in the diversification of temperate trees, PLoS One, vol.8, p.80431, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01569388

S. Y. Ho, . Phillips, . Drummond, and . Cooper, Accuracy of rate estimation using relaxed-clock models with a critical focus on the early metazoan radiation, Mol Biol Evol, vol.22, pp.1355-1363, 2005.

J. P. Huelsenbeck and . Ronquist, MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees, Bioinformatics, vol.17, pp.754-755, 2001.

N. Isaac, . St-turvey, . Collen, . Waterman, and . Baillie, Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny, PLoS One, vol.2, p.296, 2007.

T. Jombart, . Balloux, and . Dray, Adephylo: New tools for investigating the phylogenetic signal in biological traits, Bioinformatics, vol.26, issue.15, pp.1907-1909, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00539508

V. Kati, M. Devillers, . Dufrene, . Legakis, P. Vokou et al., Testing the value of six taxonomic groups as biodiversity indicators at a local scale, Conserv Biol, vol.18, pp.667-675, 2004.

K. Katoh, . Misawa, . Kuma, and . Miyata, A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.30, pp.3059-3066, 2002.

S. W. Kembel, . Cowan, . Helmus, H. Cornwell, . Morlon et al., Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology, Bioinformatics, vol.26, issue.11, pp.1463-1464, 2010.

M. M. Kling, A. H. Mishler, . Thornhill, . Baldwin, and . Ackerly, Facets of phylodiversity: evolutionary diversification, divergence and survival as conservation targets, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.374, 2018.

W. J. Kress and . Erickson, A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: the coding rbcL gene complements the non-coding trnH-psbA spacer region, PLoS One, vol.2, p.508, 2007.

M. K. Kuhner and . Felsenstein, A simulation comparison of phylogeny algorithms under equal and unequal evolutionary rates, Mol Biol Evol, vol.11, pp.459-468, 1994.

S. Kumar, M. Stecher, . Suleski, and . Hedges, TimeTree: a resource for timelines, timetrees, and divergence times, Mol Biol Evol, vol.34, pp.1812-1819, 2017.

S. Lavergne, . Hampe, and . Arroyo, In and out of Africa: how did the Strait of Gibraltar affect plant species migration and local diversification?, J Biogeogr, vol.40, pp.24-36, 2013.

P. Legendre and . Legendre, Numerical ecology. 3rd, p.9780444538680, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00530195

A. B. Leslie, G. Beaulieu, C. S. Holman, . Campbell, . Mei et al., An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil record, Am J Bot, vol.105, pp.1531-1544, 2018.

H. T. Li, . Yi, . Gao, . Ma, . Zhang et al., Origin of angiosperms and the puzzle of the Jurassic gap, Nat Plants, vol.5, pp.461-470, 2019.

Y. Lu, . Ran, . Guo, . Yang, and . Wang, Phylogeny and divergence times of gymnosperms inferred from single-copy nuclear genes, PLoS One, vol.9, p.107679, 2014.

S. Magallón, Using fossils to break long branches in molecular dating: a comparison of relaxed clocks applied to the origin of Angiosperms, Syst Biol, vol.59, pp.384-399, 2010.

S. Magallón, . Hilu, and . Quandt, Land plant evolutionary timeline: gene effects are secondary to fossil constraints in relaxed clock estimation of age and substitution rates, Am J Bot, vol.100, pp.556-573, 2013.

S. Magallón, . Gómez-acevedo, T. Sánchez-reyes, and . Hernández-hernández, A metacalibrated time-tree documents the early rise of flowering plant phylogenetic diversity, New Phytol, vol.207, pp.437-453, 2015.

L. T. Mankga and . Yessoufou, Factors driving the global decline of cycad diversity, AoB Plants, vol.9, pp.22-022, 2017.

K. Mao, L. Milne, Y. Zhang, J. Peng, P. Liu et al., Distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea, Pro Natl Acad Sci, vol.109, p.7793, 2012.

M. M. Mcmahon and . Sanderson, Phylogenetic supermatrix analysis of GenBank sequences from 2228 Papilionoid Legumes, Syst Biol, vol.55, pp.818-836, 2006.

F. Médail, A. Monnet, D. Pavon, P. Nikolic, G. Dimopoulos et al., What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot? A critical analysis, For Ecosyst, vol.6, p.17, 2019.

F. Médail and . Quézel, Hot-spots analysis for conservation of plant biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin, 1997.

A. Gard, , vol.84, pp.112-127

D. Montoya, M. A. Rodríguez, M. A. Zavala, and . Hawkins, Contemporary richness of holarctic trees and the historical pattern of glacial retreat, Ecography, vol.30, pp.173-182, 2007.

H. Morlon, J. A. Schwilk, P. A. Bryant, A. G. Marquet, C. Rebelo et al., Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity, Ecol Lett, vol.14, pp.141-149, 2011.

N. Mouquet, . Devictor, . Cn-meynard, L. Munoz, J. Bersier et al., Ecophylogenetics: advances and perspectives, Biol Rev, vol.87, pp.769-785, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00780751

K. Nixon and . Crepet, Late cretaceous fossil flowers of ericalean affinity, Am J Bot, vol.80, pp.616-623, 1993.

J. Oksanen, R. Blanchet, P. Kindt, P. Legendre, . Minchin et al., , 2012.

D. Orme, . Freckleton, . Thomas, . Petzoldt, . Fritz et al., CAPER: comparative analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R. R package version 0.5, 2, 458. Pacltová, B. 1966. Pollen grains of angiosperms in the Cenomanian Peruc Formation in, Bohemia. Palaeobotanist, vol.15, pp.52-54, 2013.

B. Pacltová, The evolution and distribution of Normapolles pollen during the Cenophytic, Rev Palaeobot Palynol, vol.35, pp.175-208, 1981.

E. Paradis, . Claude, and . Strimmer, APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language, Bioinformatics, vol.20, pp.289-290, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-01887318

D. Penny and . Hendy, The use of tree comparison metrics, Syst Zool, vol.34, pp.75-82, 1985.

R. J. Petit and . Hampe, Some evolutionary consequences of being a tree, Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, vol.37, pp.187-214, 2006.

P. Quézel, Definition of the Mediterranean region and the origin of its flora, pp.9-24, 1985.

P. Quézel and . Médail, Ecologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen, 2003.

R. Development-core and . Team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2015.

R. E. Ricklefs and . Schluter, Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives, 1993.

S. R. Schachat, . Mulcahy, and . Iiijr-mendelson, Conservation threats and the phylogenetic utility of IUCN Red List rankings in Incilius toads, Conserv Biol, vol.30, pp.72-81, 2016.

G. M. Silsbe and . Sy-malkin, Phytotools: phytoplankton production tools. An R package available on CRAN, 2015.

V. Simon-porcar, . Escudero, . Navarro, J. De-castro, . Lorite et al., Using floristics, modern systematics and phylogenetics for disentangling biodiversity hotspots across scales: a Mediterranean case study, Plant Biosyst, vol.152, pp.1293-1310, 2018.

S. A. Smith, . Beaulieu, and . Donoghue, An uncorrelated relaxed-clock analysis suggests an earlier origin for flowering plants, Pro Natl Acad Sci, vol.107, p.5897, 2010.

D. E. Soltis, . Mort, E. V. Latvis, . Mavrodiev, . Bc-o'meara et al., Phylogenetic relationships and character evolution analysis of Saxifragales using a supermatrix approach, Am J Bot, vol.100, pp.916-929, 2013.

D. S. Srivastava, . Cadotte, . Macdonald, . Marushia, and . Mirotchnick, Phylogenetic diversity and the functioning of ecosystems, Ecol Lett, vol.15, pp.637-648, 2012.

A. Stamatakis, RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies, Bioinformatics, vol.30, pp.1312-1313, 2014.

M. A. Steel and . Penny, Distributions of tree comparison metrics: some new results, Syst Biol, vol.42, pp.126-141, 1993.

J. P. Suc, Origin and evolution of the Mediterranean vegetation and climate in Europe, Nature, vol.307, pp.429-432, 1984.

J. Thompson, Plant evolution in the Mediterranean, 2005.

A. H. Thornhill, . Baldwin, . Wa-freyman, . Nosratinia, . Kling et al., Spatial phylogenetics of the native California flora, BMC Biol, vol.15, pp.1-18, 2017.

K. F. Tipton, Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NC-IUBMB). Enzyme nomenclature. Recommendations 1992. Supplement: corrections and additions, Eu J Biochem, vol.1, p.223, 1994.

C. O. Webb, . Ackerly, . Ma-mcpeek, and . Donoghue, Phylogenies and community ecology, Annu Rev Ecol Syst, vol.33, pp.475-505, 2002.

S. G. Weller and . Sakai, Using phylogenetic approaches for the analysis of plant breeding system evolution, Annu Rev Ecol Syst, vol.30, pp.167-199, 1999.

M. J. West-eberhard, Phenotypic plasticity and the origins of diversity, Annu Rev Ecol Syst, vol.20, pp.249-278, 1989.

K. Yessoufou, . Daru, and . Davies, Phylogenetic patterns of extinction risk in the eastern arc ecosystems, an African biodiversity hotspot, PLoS One, vol.7, p.47082, 2012.

Y. and G. U. , A mathematical theory of evolution, based on the conclusions of, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.213, pp.21-87, 1925.

L. Zeng, . Zhang, . Sun, N. Kong, H. Zhang et al., Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times, Nat Commun, vol.5, p.4956, 2014.

M. Zohary and . Feinbrun-dothan, Flora palaestina. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1966.