M. Carmo, D. L. Fritz, J. Merge, and D. Stolten, A comprehensive review on PEM water electrolysis, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.38, pp.4901-4934, 2013.

F. Barbir, PEM electrolysis for production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources, Sol. Energy, vol.78, pp.661-669, 2005.

M. Gotz, J. Lefebvre, F. Mors, A. M. Koch, F. Graf et al., Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review, Renew. Energy, vol.85, pp.1371-1390, 2016.

K. D. Kreuer, On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells, J. Membr. Sci, vol.185, pp.29-39, 2001.

T. E. Springer, T. A. Zawodzinski, and S. Gottesfeld, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Model, J. Electrochem. Soc, vol.138, pp.2334-2342, 1991.

T. A. Zawodzinski, C. Derouin, S. Radzinski, R. J. Sherman, V. T. Smith et al., Water Uptake by and Transport Through Nafion ® 117 Membranes, J. Electrochem. Soc, vol.140, pp.1041-1047, 1993.

R. Borup, J. Meyers, B. Pivovar, Y. S. Kim, R. Mukundan et al., Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation, Chem. Rev, vol.107, pp.3904-3951, 2007.

G. Alberti, M. Casciola, L. Massinelli, and B. Bauer, Polymeric proton conducting membranes for medium temperature fuel cells (110-160 ? C), J. Membr. Sci, vol.185, pp.73-81, 2001.

E. Roberti, G. Carlotti, S. Cinelli, G. Onori, A. Donnadio et al., Measurement of the Young's modulus of Nafion membranes by Brillouin light scattering, J. Power Sources, vol.195, pp.7761-7764, 2010.

A. Donnadio, R. Narducci, M. Casciola, F. Marmottini, R. D'amato et al., Mixed Membrane Matrices Based on Nafion/UiO-66/SO 3 H-UiO-66 Nano-MOFs: Revealing the Effect of Crystal Size, Sulfonation, and Filler Loading on the Mechanical and Conductivity Properties, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol.9, pp.42239-42246, 2017.

J. Escorihuela, R. Narducci, V. Compan, and F. Costantino, Proton Conductivity of Composite Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Metal-Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, vol.6, pp.1-30, 2019.

K. A. Mauritz and R. B. Moore, State of Understanding of Nafion, Chem. Rev, vol.104, pp.4535-4585, 2004.

A. K. Pabby, S. S. Rizvi, and A. M. Requena, Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications, 2015.

L. Wang, A. Husar, T. H. Zhou, and H. T. Liu, A parametric study of PEM fuel cell performances, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.28, pp.1263-1272, 2003.

G. Alberti, M. Casciola, D. Capitani, A. Donnadio, R. Narducci et al., Novel Nafion-zirconium phosphate nanocomposite membranes with enhanced stability of proton conductivity at medium temperature and high relative humidity, Electrochim. Acta, vol.52, pp.8125-8132, 2007.

H. Ito, T. Maeda, A. Nakano, and H. Takenaka, Properties of Nafion membranes under PEM water electrolysis conditions, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.36, pp.10527-10540, 2011.

S. Siracusano, N. Van-dijk, E. Payne-johnson, V. Baglio, and A. S. Arico, Nanosized IrOx and IrRuOx electrocatalysts for the O2 evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysers, Appl. Catal. B-Environ, vol.164, pp.488-495, 2018.

C. Boaretti, L. Pasquini, R. Sood, S. Giancola, A. Donnadio et al., Mechanically stable nanofibrous sPEEK/Aquivion ® composite membranes for fuel cell applications, J. Membr. Sci, vol.545, pp.66-74, 2018.

A. S. Arico, A. Di-blasi, G. Brunaccini, F. Sergi, G. Dispenza et al., High Temperature Operation of a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stack Based on a New Ionomer Membrane, Fuel Cells, vol.10, pp.1013-1023, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00538027

A. Skulimowska, M. Dupont, M. Zaton, S. Sunde, L. Merlo et al., Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis with short-side-chain Aquivion ® membrane and IrO2 anode catalyst, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.39, pp.6307-6316, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00956832

S. Giancola, M. Zaton, A. Reyes-carmona, M. Dupont, A. Donnadio et al., Composite short side chain PFSA membranes for PEM water electrolysis, J. Membr. Sci, vol.570, pp.69-76, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01915203

A. Rolfi, C. Oldani, L. Merlo, D. Facchi, and R. Ruffo, New perfluorinated ionomer with improved oxygen permeability for application in cathode polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell, J. Power Sources, vol.396, pp.95-101, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01867910

A. Kusoglu and A. Z. Weber, New Insights into Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers, Chem. Rev, vol.117, pp.987-1104, 2017.

G. Alberti, R. Narducci, and M. Sganappa, Effects of hydrothermal/thermal treatments on the water-uptake of Nafion membranes and relations with changes of conformation, counter-elastic force and tensile modulus of the matrix, J. Power Sources, vol.178, pp.575-583, 2008.

G. Alberti and R. Narducci, Evolution of Permanent Deformations (or Memory) in Nafion 117 Membranes with Changes in Temperature, Relative Humidity and Time, and Its Importance in the Development of Medium Temperature PEMFCs, Fuel Cells, vol.9, pp.410-420, 2009.

G. Alberti, M. L. Di-vona, and R. Narducci, New results on the visco-elastic behaviour of ionomer membranes and relations between T-RH plots and proton conductivity decay of Nafion ® 117 in the range 50-140 ? C, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.37, pp.6302-6307, 2012.

G. Alberti, R. Narducci, M. L. Di-vona, and S. Giancola, Annealing of Nafion 1100 in the Presence of an Annealing Agent: A Powerful Method for Increasing Ionomer Working Temperature in PEMFCs, Fuel Cells, vol.13, pp.42-47, 2013.

G. Alberti, R. Narducci, M. L. Di-vona, and S. Giancola, More on Nafion Conductivity Decay at Temperatures Higher than 80 ? C: Preparation and First Characterization of In-Plane Oriented Layered Morphologies, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, vol.52, pp.10418-10424, 2013.

G. Alberti, R. Narducci, M. L. Di-vona, and S. Giancola, Preparation and Nc/T plots of un-crystallized Nafion 1100 and semi-crystalline Nafion 1000, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol.42, pp.15908-15912, 2017.

R. Narducci, M. L. Di-vona, A. Marrocchi, and G. Baldinelli, Stabilized SPEEK Membranes with a High Degree of Sulfonation for Enthalpy Heat Exchangers, vol.8, 0190.

R. Narducci, P. Knauth, J. F. Chailan, and M. L. Di-vona, How to improve Nafion with tailor made annealing, Rsc Adv, vol.8, pp.27268-27274, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01878415

G. Alberti, R. Narducci, and M. L. Di-vona, Solid State Proton Conductors: Properties and Applications in Fuel Cells

P. Knauth and . Di-vona, , 2012.

S. Subianto, M. Pica, M. Casciola, P. Cojocaru, L. Merlo et al., Physical and chemical modification routes leading to improved mechanical properties of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes for PEM fuel cells, J. Power Sources, vol.233, pp.216-230, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00781419

M. Casciola, G. Alberti, M. Sganappa, and R. J. Narducci, On the decay of Nafion proton conductivity at high temperature and relative humidity, vol.162, pp.141-145, 2006.

Q. Feng, X. Z. Yuan, G. Y. Liu, B. Wei, Z. Zhang et al., A review of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis on degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies, J. Power Sources, vol.366, pp.33-55, 2017.

C. S. Yin, Z. Wang, Y. Luo, J. J. Li, Y. W. Zhou et al., Thermal annealing on free volumes, crystallinity and proton conductivity of Nafion membranes, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol.120, pp.71-78, 2018.

K. R. Mugtasimova, A. P. Melnikov, E. A. Galitskaya, A. M. Kashin, Y. A. Dobrovolskiy et al., Fabrication of Aquivion-type membranes and optimization of their elastic and transport characteristics, Ionics, vol.24, pp.3897-3903, 2018.

K. Lee, A. Ishihara, S. Mitsushima, N. Kamiya, and K. Ota, Effect of Recast Temperature on Diffusion and Dissolution of Oxygen and Morphological Properties in Recast Nafion, J. Electrochem. Soc, vol.151, pp.639-645, 2004.

M. Casciola, P. Cojocaru, A. Donnadio, S. Giancola, L. Merlo et al., Zirconium phosphate reinforced short side chain perflurosulfonic acid membranes for medium temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell application, J. Power Sources, vol.262, pp.407-413, 2014.

G. Gebel, P. Aldebert, and M. Pineri, Structure and related properties of solution-cast perfluorosulfonated ionomer film, Macromolecules, vol.20, pp.1425-1428, 1987.

M. Casciola, G. Alberti, M. Sganappa, and R. Narducci, Factors affecting the stability of Nafion conductivity at high temperature and relative humidity, Desalination, pp.639-641, 0200.

R. J. Young and P. A. Lovell, Introduction to Polymers, 1991.

E. Moukheiber, G. De-moor, L. Flandin, and C. Bas, Investigation of ionomer structure through its dependence on ion exchange capacity (IEC), J. Membr. Sci, vol.389, pp.294-304, 2012.

J. Chailan, M. Khadhraoui, and P. Knauth, Solid State Proton Conductors: Properties and Applications in Fuel Cells

P. Knauth, M. L. Di-vona, . Eds, and . Wiley, Chapter 6; ISBN 978-0-470-66937-2. © 2019 by the authors, Licensee MDPI, 2012.