Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus-induced immune signature of infection revealed by transcriptome analysis of clinical pediatric nasopharyngeal swab samples

Claire Nicolas de Lamballerie (1) , Andres Pizzorno (1) , Julia Dubois (2) , Blandine Padey (1) , Thomas Julien (1) , Aurélien Traversier (1) , Julie Carbonneau (3) , Elody Orcel , Bruno Lina (4) , Marie-Ève Hamelin (2) , Magali Roche (5) , Julien Textoris (6) , Guy Boivin (2) , Catherine Legras-Lachuer (7) , Olivier Terrier (1) , Manuel Rosa-Calatrava (1)

1 Virpath - Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control
2 CRCHUQ - Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval
3 Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Infectious Disease Research Centre
4 HCL - Hospices Civils de Lyon
5 UNICANCER/CRCL - Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon
6 Service Anesthésie et Réanimation [Hôpital Nord - APHM]
7 LEM - Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) constitutes one the main causes of respiratory infection in neonates and infants worldwide. Transcriptome analysis of clinical samples using high-throughput technologies remains an important tool to better understand virus-host complex interactions in the real-life setting but also to identify new diagnosis/prognosis markers or therapeutics targets. A major challenge when exploiting clinical samples such as nasal swabs, washes or bronchoalveolar lavages is the poor quantity and integrity of nucleic acids. In this study, we applied a tailored transcriptomics workflow to exploit nasal wash samples from children who tested positive for HRSV. Our analysis revealed a characteristic immune signature as a direct reflection of HRSV pathogenesis and highlighted putative biomarkers of interest such as IP-10, TMEM190, MCEMP1 or TIMM23.

Mots clés: Respiratory Syncytial Virus; DNA microarray; Transcriptome; Nasal epithelium; NanoString assay

Domaines: Maladies infectieuses; Pédiatrie; Pneumologie et système respiratoire; Immunité innée

Claire Nicolas de Lamballerie, Andres Pizzorno, Julia Dubois, Blandine Padey, Thomas Julien, et al.. Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus-induced immune signature of infection revealed by transcriptome analysis of clinical pediatric nasopharyngeal swab samples. Journal of Infectious Diseases, In press, 223 (6), pp.1052-1061. ⟨10.1093/infdis/jiaa468/5877957⟩. ⟨hal-02909729⟩