Microbiota-directed fibre activates both targeted and secondary metabolic shifts in the distal gut

Leszek Michalak (1) , John Christian Gaby (1) , Leidy Lagos (1) , Sabina Leanti La Rosa (1) , Torgeir Hvidsten (1) , Catherine Tétard-Jones (2) , William G T Willats (2) , Nicolas Terrapon (3) , Vincent Lombard (3) , Bernard Henrissat (3) , Johannes Dröge (4) , Magnus Øverlie Arntzen (1) , Live Heldal Hagen (1) , Margareth Øverland (1) , Phillip Pope (1) , Bjørge Westereng (1)

1 NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Sciences
2 Newcastle University [Newcastle]
3 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques
4 Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden]

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome has high-impact implications not only in humans, but also in livestock that sustain our current societal needs. In this context, we have tailored an acetylated galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) fibre to match unique enzymatic capabilities of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium species, both renowned butyrate-producing gut commensals. Here, we test the accuracy of AcGGM within the complex endogenous gut microbiome of pigs, wherein we resolve 355 metagenome-assembled genomes together with quantitative metaproteomes. In AcGGM-fed pigs, both target populations differentially express AcGGM-specific polysaccharide utilization loci, including novel, mannan-specific esterases that are critical to its deconstruction. However, AcGGM-inclusion also manifests a "butterfly effect", whereby numerous metabolic changes and interdependent cross-feeding pathways occur in neighboring non-mannanolytic populations that produce short-chain fatty acids. Our findings show how intricate structural features and acetylation patterns of dietary fibre can be customized to specific bacterial populations, with potential to create greater modulatory effects at large.

Mots clés: Bioinformatics; Metagenomics; Microbiome

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Leszek Michalak, John Christian Gaby, Leidy Lagos, Sabina Leanti La Rosa, Torgeir Hvidsten, et al.. Microbiota-directed fibre activates both targeted and secondary metabolic shifts in the distal gut. Nature Communications, 2020, 11 (1), ⟨10.1038/s41467-020-19585-0⟩. ⟨hal-03163522⟩