Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microbiota Interactions

Aly Kodio (1, 2) , Estelle Menu (3, 1, 4) , Stephane Ranque (1, 4)

1 VITROME - Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes
2 Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali]
3 AMU PHARM - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de pharmacie
4 IHU Marseille - Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection

The nature of the relationship between the communities of microorganisms making up the microbiota in and on a host body has been increasingly explored in recent years. Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, parasites and fungi, have often long co-evolved with their hosts. In human, the structure and diversity of microbiota vary according to the host's immunity, diet, environment, age, physiological and metabolic status, medical practices (e.g., antibiotic treatment), climate, season and host genetics. The recent advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enhanced observational capacities and allowed for a better understanding of the relationship between distinct microorganisms within microbiota. The interaction between the host and their microbiota has become a field of research into microorganisms with therapeutic and preventive interest for public health applications. This review aims at assessing the current knowledge on interactions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. After a brief description of the metagenomic methods used in the studies were analysed, we summarise the findings of available publications describing the interaction between the bacterial communities and protozoa, helminths and fungi, either in vitro, in experimental models, or in humans. Overall, we observed the existence of a beneficial effect in situations where some microorganisms can improve the health status of the host, while the presence of other microorganisms has been associated with pathologies, resulting in an adverse effect on human health.

Mots clés: microbiota; mycobiota; interactions; host; NGS; metagenomics; culturomics; metabarcoding

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Aly Kodio, Estelle Menu, Stephane Ranque. Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microbiota Interactions. Microorganisms, 2020, 8 (12), ⟨10.3390/microorganisms8122018⟩. ⟨hal-03164922⟩