Embolization of Ovarian Vein for Pelvic Congestion Syndrome with Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx\textregistered )
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pelvic embolization using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx\textregistered ) for pelvic congestion syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 2012 to September 2016, 17 women (mean age, 44.7±~12.2 (SD)~years; range: 34-71years) presenting with pelvic congestion syndrome were evaluated for transvenous embolization with Onyx\textregistered. Pelvic congestion syndrome was initially diagnosed by clinical examination and the results of transvaginal Doppler ultrasound and further confirmed by pelvic venography. Primary and secondary clinical efficacy was defined respectively by the resolution of the symptoms after embolization and at the end of the follow-up, irrespective to the number of embolization procedures. RESULTS: Technical efficacy of embolization was 100% with no significant complications during and after embolization. After a mean follow-up time of 24.2 months (range: 6-69months) a primary and secondary clinical efficacy of 76.4% (13/17 women) and 94.1% (16/17 women) respectively were observed. Four women (23.5%) underwent a second embolization procedure with one woman requiring a third embolization procedure. These additional embolization procedures were associated with direct puncture of vulvar varices for sclerotherapy in two women. Five women (29%) had recurrent symptoms 21 months post-treatment (7-42months). CONCLUSION: Pelvic embolization using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx\textregistered ) has a favorable clinical success for pelvic congestion syndrome.