Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade: Revisiting gains from trade

Sergey Kokovin (1) , Pavel Molchanov (2, 3) , Igor Bykadorov (1, 4)

1 Sobolev Institute of Mathematics
2 HSE - Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow]
3 AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques
4 NSU - Novosibirsk State University

We study the canonical Krugman (1979) trade model with non-CES preferences that yield autarky at finite trade costs. We prove a non-monotone impact of gradual trade liberalization. At first, near autarky, emerging trade reduces world welfare, while at free trade it becomes large enough to be beneficial (Krugman's result). This non-monotonicity persists under heterogenous firms. The harmful small-scale trade is explained by variable markups and underpriced imports, which become socially excessive. Unlike protectionists, we argue that “liberalization should go far”. On the other hand, we show that anti-dumping measures can be viewed as a remedy for the aforementioned imports distortion.

Keywords: Trade gains; Monopolistic competition; Variable markups; Harmful trade; Autarky

Domains: Economics and Finance

Sergey Kokovin, Pavel Molchanov, Igor Bykadorov. Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade: Revisiting gains from trade. Journal of International Economics, 2022, 137, pp.103595. ⟨10.1016/j.jinteco.2022.103595⟩. ⟨hal-03740561⟩