A Non-Invasive Neonatal Signature Predicts Later Development of Atopic Diseases

Youssouf Sereme (1, 2) , Moïse Michel (1, 2, 3) , Soraya Mezouar (1, 2) , Cheick Oumar Guindo (1, 2) , Lanceï Kaba (4, 2) , Ghiles Grine (1, 2) , Thibault Mura (3, 5, 6) , Jean-Louis Mège (1, 2) , Tu Anh Tran (7, 3, 8) , Pierre Corbeau (3, 9, 8) , Anne Filleron (3, 7, 8) , Joana Vitte (1, 2, 8, 10)

1 MEPHI - Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections
2 IHU Marseille - Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection
3 CHU Nîmes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes
4 VITROME - Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes
5 INM - Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier
6 BESPIM - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie clinique, Santé Publique Innovation et Méthodologie [CHU Nîmes]
7 Cellules Souches, Plasticité Cellulaire, Médecine Régénératrice et Immunothérapies (IRMB)
8 UM - Université de Montpellier
9 IGH - Institut de génétique humaine
10 IDESP - Institut Desbrest de santé publique

Background: Preterm birth is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children. Non-invasive methods for screening the neonatal immune status are lacking. Archaea, a prokaryotic life domain, comprise methanogenic species that are part of the neonatal human microbiota and contribute to early immune imprinting. However, they have not yet been characterized in preterm neonates. Objective: To characterize the gut immunological and methanogenic Archaeal (MA) signature in preterm neonates, using the presence or absence of atopic conditions at the age of one year as a clinical endpoint. Methods: Meconium and stool were collected from preterm neonates and used to develop a standardized stool preparation method for the assessment of mediators and cytokines and characterize the qPCR kinetics of gut MA. Analysis addressed the relationship between immunological biomarkers, Archaea abundance, and atopic disease at age one. Results: Immunoglobulin E, tryptase, calprotectin, EDN, cytokines, and MA were detectable in the meconium and later samples. Atopic conditions at age of one year were positively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and MA abundance. The latter was negatively associated with neonatal EDN, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions: We report a non-invasive method for establishing a gut immunological and Archaeal signature in preterm neonates, predictive of atopic diseases at the age of one year.

Mots clés: Allergy; Atopy; Fecal mediator and cytokine; Methanogenic Archaea; Preterm birth

Domaines: Bactériologie; Cardiologie et système cardiovasculaire; Maladies émergentes; Maladies infectieuses; Parasitologie; Virologie

Youssouf Sereme, Moïse Michel, Soraya Mezouar, Cheick Oumar Guindo, Lanceï Kaba, et al.. A Non-Invasive Neonatal Signature Predicts Later Development of Atopic Diseases. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022, 11 (10), pp.2749. ⟨10.3390/jcm11102749⟩. ⟨hal-03754547⟩