The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis

Marc Schoeler (1) , Sandrine Ellero-Simatos (2, 3) , Till Birkner (4, 5) , Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs (6, 7, 8, 9) , Lisa Olsson (1) , Harald Brolin (1) , Ulrike Loeber (4, 5, 10) , Jamie D Kraft (1) , Arnaud Polizzi (2, 3) , Marian Martí-Navas (6, 7) , Josep Puig (6, 7, 8) , Antonio Moschetta (11, 12) , Alexandra Montagner (13) , Pierre Gourdy (14, 13) , Hervé Guillou (3) , Christophe Heymes (13) , Valentina Tremaroli (1) , José Manuel Fernández-Real (7) , Sofia K Forslund (15) , Remy Burcelin (13) , Robert Caesar (1)

1 GU - Göteborgs Universitet = University of Gothenburg
2 ToxAlim-TIM - Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme
3 ToxAlim - ToxAlim
4 MDC - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin]
5 Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]
6 Hospital Dr Josep Trueta de Girona
7 UdG - Universitat de Girona
8 ISC - Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid]
9 CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion
10 German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin
11 UNIBA - Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro
12 INBB - Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi [Rome, Italie]
13 UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC - Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires
14 CHU Toulouse - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse
15 EMBL - European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg]

Dietary lipids can affect metabolic health through gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, but the influence of lipid-microbiota interaction on liver steatosis is largely unknown. We investigate the impact of dietary lipids on human gut microbiota composition and the effects of microbiota-lipid interactions on steatosis in male mice. In humans, low intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) is associated with increased microbial diversity independent of fiber intake. In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, induce a shift in bile acid profile and improved metabolism and steatosis. These benefits are dependent on the gut microbiota, as they are transmitted by microbial transfer. Diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are protective against steatosis but have minor influence on the microbiota. In summary, we find that diets enriched in poorly absorbed long-chain SFA modulate gut microbiota profiles independent of fiber intake, and this interaction is relevant to improve metabolism and decrease liver steatosis.

Domaines: Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]

Marc Schoeler, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Till Birkner, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Lisa Olsson, et al.. The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis. Nature Communications, 2023, 14 (1), pp.5329. ⟨10.1038/s41467-023-41074-3⟩. ⟨hal-04197137⟩